His saying, exalted and majestic is He: "So I do not swear by the hidden stars, the runners, the hidden ones, and the night when it darkens, and the dawn when it breathes. Indeed, it is the saying of a noble Messenger, possessing strength with the Owner of the Throne, secure. And your companion is not mad. And he certainly saw him in the clear horizon. And he is not stingy concerning the unseen. And it is not the saying of a cursed devil. So where are you going? It is nothing but a reminder for the worlds, for whoever among you wishes to be upright. And you do not wish except that Allah, the Lord of the worlds, wishes." His saying, the Most High: "So I do not swear," could be that the "no" is extra, or it could be a response to the saying of Quraysh in their denial of the Prophethood of Muhammad, blessings and peace be upon him, and their saying: "Indeed, he is a magician or a soothsayer" and similar to that. Then Allah, exalted and majestic is He, swore by the hidden stars, the runners, the hidden ones. The majority of the interpreters said: This refers to the seven bright stars: the sun, the moon, Saturn, Mercury, Mars, Venus, and Jupiter. Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, said: The intended ones are the five excluding the sun and the moon, because these planets retreat in their movement as they appear to the eye, and they are runners in the sky. And Ya'qub confirmed the "ya" in "the runners" in the pause, while the others omitted it. They conceal themselves in their houses, meaning they hide. Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, Al-Hasan, and Qatadah said: The intended ones are all the stars, because they retreat and hide during the day when they disappear. Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, Al-Nakha'i, Jabir ibn Zayd, and a group of interpreters said: The intended meaning of "the hidden stars, the runners, the hidden ones" is the wild cows, because they perform these actions in their hiding places, which are the places they seek refuge in from trees and caves and similar things. Ibn Abbas, Ibn Jubair, and Al-Dahhak said: They are the deer, and these people took "the hidden" to mean a description of the noses, because they are associated with the hidden ones. And likewise, they are also the wild cows. From this is the saying of the poet: (p-550) "Except for the white falcon or the gazelle of the meadow, a song from the hidden ones of the nostrils, twin." "And the night darkens" in the language means when it is not firmly darkened. Al-Hasan ibn Abi Al-Hasan said: This is at the time of its coming. And with it, the oath occurred. Ali, Ibn Abbas, Zayd ibn Aslam, Mujahid, and Qatadah said: This is at the time of its departure, and with it, the oath occurred. This is supported by His saying, the Most High, afterward: "And the dawn when it breathes," so they are as if they are two connected states. And the saying of Alqamah ibn Qurt is a testimony to this: "Until when the dawn breathed for them, after they thought it would not breathe." And Abu Al-Abbas Al-Mubarrid said: The Most High swore by its coming and going together. Al-Khalil said: It is said: "The night darkens" and "the night retreats" when it comes and goes. And "the dawn breathes": its light spread and expanded. And 'Ilwan ibn Qays said: "And a dark night, its dawn breathed for them, after they thought it would not breathe."

The pronoun in "Indeed, He" refers to the Qur'an, and "the noble Messenger" in the saying of the majority of people refers to Jibril, peace be upon him. Others said it is Muhammad, blessings and peace be upon him, in all the verses. The first statement is more correct. The term "noble" in this verse implies the lifting of blame. Then, He, glorified and exalted is He, described him with the strength of the grant that Allah gave him.

People have differed regarding the connection of His saying, "near the Owner of the Throne." Some of the interpreters went to the connection with His saying, "the One of strength," while others said that the speech was completed in His saying, "the One of strength," and the circumstance is connected to His saying, "the One firmly established," meaning he has a status and elevation.

His saying, "Obeyed there and trustworthy" means accepted speech, confirming his words, and entrusted with what he conveys and delivers from revelation and obedience to command. Abu Ja'far read "then" with a Dhamma on the thaa. Allah, glorified and exalted is He, mentioned Himself in relation to His Throne as a reminder of the greatness of His dominion.

The interpreters unanimously agreed that His saying, "And your companion is not mad" refers to Muhammad, blessings and peace be upon him. The pronoun in "he saw him" refers to Jibril, peace be upon him. This vision occurred after the command of the Cave of Hira when he saw him on a throne between the heavens and the earth. It is said that this vision was when he saw him at the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary during the Night Journey. That place was metaphorically called a horizon. The Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, had a second vision in Medina, and this is not it. He, glorified and exalted is He, described the horizon as clear because it was in the east from where the sun rises, as stated by Qatadah. Also, every horizon is in the utmost clarity.

His saying, "And he is not stingy concerning the unseen" means: he is not miserly with it, nor does he withhold what was said to him, and he does not act as a soothsayer does until he is given his reward. With the letter Dhad, it means stingy, as stated by Al-Tabari, and it is the reading of Nafi, Asim, Ibn Amir, Hamzah, Uthman ibn Affan, Ibn Abbas, Al-Hasan, Abu Raja, Al-A'raj, Abu Ja'far, Shaiba, and a large group. Ibn Kathir, Abu Amr, Al-Kisai, Ibn Mas'ud, Ibn Abbas, Zayd ibn Thabit, Ibn Umar, Ibn Zubair, Aisha, Umar ibn Abdul Aziz, Ibn Jubair, Urwah ibn Zubair, Muslim, Ibn Jundub, Mujahid, and others read "stingy" with the letter Dhad, meaning suspicious. This in meaning is similar to His description of him as trustworthy. It is said that it means weak in strength, from their saying: a well is "doubtful" if it has little water. Abu Ubaid preferred the reading with the letter Dhad, since the Quraysh did not accuse Muhammad, blessings and peace be upon him, of being stingy in what he brings, but rather they denied him, so it was said that he is not to be suspected.

Then, He, glorified and exalted is He, denied that the Qur'an could be the words of a devil, against what the Quraysh said: Indeed, Muhammad is a soothsayer. "And accursed" means distanced, stoned by the stars and cursed and other than that.

And His saying, exalted is He: "So where are you going?" is a pause and a confirmation, meaning: where is anyone going away from these truths? And "the reminder" here is a noun meaning the reminder. Then He specified, exalted is He, whom He willed for uprightness by the reminder, as an honor and a warning, and a mention of their acquiring the actions of uprightness. Then He clarified, exalted is He, that a person's acquiring in general, whether in uprightness or otherwise, is only with the creation of Allah, exalted is He, and His instilling of faith in the heart of the person. It has been narrated that His saying, exalted is He: ﴿For whoever among you wills to be upright﴾ was revealed when Abu Jahl said: This matter has been entrusted to us. If we will, we will be upright, and if we do not will, we will not be upright. Then it was revealed: ﴿And you do not will except that Allah wills﴾. And in the hadith: "Allah says: O son of Adam, you will and I will, so you strive for what you will, and nothing will happen except what I will."

The interpretation of Surah [At-Takwir] is complete, and praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds.