'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful' His saying, exalted and majestic is He: "And those who disbelieve, some of them are allies of others. Unless you do this, there will be a great trial in the land and great corruption." "And those who believed and emigrated and strove in the cause of Allah, and those who gave refuge and supported [them], they are the believers, truly. For them is forgiveness and a noble provision." "And those who believed after [the initial migration] and emigrated and strove with you, they are of you. And relatives are closer to one another in the Book of Allah. Indeed, Allah is Knowing of all things." (p-248) This is a ruling that the disbelievers have a single allegiance, and that is by combining inheritance, assistance, and support. This phrase encourages and establishes the souls, as when you say to someone you want to encourage: "Your enemy is diligent," meaning: so you be diligent too. Al-Tabari narrated in the tafsir of this verse from Qatadah that he said: Allah refused to accept the faith of one who believed but did not emigrate, and that was in the early days of Islam. This is also mentioned comprehensively in the interpretation of His saying, exalted and majestic is He: "Indeed, those whom the angels take in death while wronging themselves, they will say, 'In what were you?' They will say, 'We were oppressed in the land.' They will say, 'Was not the earth of Allah spacious so that you could have emigrated therein?' So their refuge will be Hell, and wretched is the destination." [An-Nisa: 97]. And what appears from the Shari'ah is that the ruling concerning the believer who neglects migration while knowing its obligation is the ruling of a sinner, not the ruling of a disbeliever. And His saying, exalted and majestic is He: "Indeed, those whom the angels take in death while wronging themselves" [An-Nisa: 97] refers only to those who were killed alongside the disbelievers. Among them, the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, said: "I am free from a Muslim who resides among the polytheists; their fire should not be seen by one another," the hadith varies in its wording. And Qatadah's statement refers to one who waits and says, "Whoever prevails, I will be with him." This is also mentioned in the books of Al-Tabari and Al-Kushay. The pronoun in His saying, exalted and majestic is He: "Unless you do this" is said to refer back to inheritance and its obligation. Al-Qadi Abu Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on him, said: This trial will not occur except from a distance and through many intermediaries. It is said that it refers back to assistance and cooperation and the joining of hands, and this trial will occur from close proximity, so it is more certain than the first. It also appears that it refers back to the preservation of the covenant and the pact that is implied in His saying: "Except for a people between you and them is a covenant" [Al-Anfal: 72]. If this is not done, then it is the trial itself. It also appears that the pronoun may return to the support for the Muslims who seek assistance in religion, and it is permissible for the pronoun to return generally to all that has been mentioned. And the trial is the hardship of war and what is accomplished with it from raids, exile, and captivity. And the great corruption is the emergence of polytheism. The majority of people read: "great" with a single dot on the ب. Abu Musa Al-Hijazi read from Al-Kisai with a three-dotted ث. Abu Hatim Al-Madani narrated that the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, read: "and a wide corruption." And a group read: "And those who disbelieve, some of them are closer to one another."

And His saying, exalted is He: ﴿And those who have believed and emigrated﴾ is a verse that includes the specification of the emigrants and the supporters and honors them with this great description. And "truly" is an accusative on the source that confirms what precedes it. The description of the provision as "noble" means that it does not become a source of blame, and what is meant by it is the food of Paradise, as mentioned by [al-]Tabari and others. And the necessary implication of the wording is the negation of blame from it, and what they mentioned is included in that.

And His saying, exalted is He: ﴿Afterwards﴾ means: after [the event of] Hudaybiyyah and the Pledge of Ridwan. This is because the emigration after that was of a lesser rank than the emigration before that. It was said to be: the second emigration, because the war had laid down its burdens for about two years. Then the conquest of Mecca occurred, and with it he, blessings and peace be upon him, said: "There is no emigration after the conquest." And [al-]Tabari said: the meaning is: after I have clarified to you the ruling of allegiance.

Qadi Abu Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The barrier between the two emigrations was the descent of the verse. Allah, blessed and exalted is He, informed in this verse that they are among the first in support and other rulings of Islam. (p-250) And His saying, exalted is He: ﴿And they strove alongside you﴾ implies that they are followers, not leaders. And His saying: ﴿Then they are of you﴾ is likewise. And similar to this is his saying, blessings and peace be upon him: "The protector of the people is one of them," and "The nephew of the people is one of them."

And His saying, exalted is He: ﴿And those of kin﴾ until the end of the surah, said the one mentioned earlier: It is concerning inheritances, and it abrogates the previous ruling mentioned that the emigrant does not inherit from the supporter. And by this last verse, it has become obligatory that a man inherits from his relative even if he was not an emigrant with him. A group among them, including Malik ibn Anas, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The verse is not about inheritances, and this is an evasion from the inheritance of the maternal uncle and aunt and similar cases. And another group said: It is about inheritances except that it has been abrogated by the verse of inheritance that clarifies it.

And His saying, exalted is He: ﴿In the Book of Allah﴾ means: the Qur'an, meaning that this is established in the Book of Allah. And it was said: the meaning is: in the previous Book of Allah in the Preserved Tablet. And ﴿All-Knowing﴾ is a fitting attribute for the enforcement of these rulings.

The interpretation of Surah Al-Anfal has been completed with the success from Allah, and all praise is for Allah, Lord of the worlds.