Commentary
'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful' His saying - glorified and exalted is He -: ﴿So he led them both astray by deception. And when they tasted the tree, their private parts became apparent to them, and they began to cover themselves with the leaves of Paradise. And their Lord called out to them, 'Did I not forbid you that tree and tell you that Satan is a manifest enemy to you?'﴾ ﴿They said, 'Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves, and if You do not forgive us and have mercy upon us, we will surely be among the losers.'﴾ (p-535) ﴿So he led them both astray by deception.﴾; he means: he deceived them with his words; and he tricked them with his cunning. Al-Qadi Abu Muhammad - may Allah have mercy on him - said: It seems to me that this is a metaphor from 'a man lowering another into a pit with a rope that has become frayed; or by a weak means by which he is deceived; and when he is lowered with it and falls into it, he is cut off by it; thus he perishes'; so the one who is deceived by words until he believes them, and falls into a calamity, is likened to one who is lowered into a pit by a weak means. And the ruling of punishment is attached to tasting; as it is the first of eating; and by it the prohibition is committed; and in another verse: ﴿So they both ate from it﴾ [Taha: 121]. And His saying, 'became apparent'; it is said: the garments of Paradise tore away from them; and their clothing flew away in disavowal of them. And Wahb ibn Munabbih said: They had a light covering their private parts; and when they disobeyed, that light was removed. Ibn Abbas and Qatadah said: They had a covering of light; and when they disobeyed, it shrank from them; and their private parts became apparent; and a portion of it remained on their fingers as a reminder of the sin, so they would renew their regret. 'And they began'; its meaning is: they took; and they made; and it is an action that is not restricted to a time, like 'he spent the night' and 'he remained.' And 'they were covering'; its meaning is: they were attaching it; and they were joining some to others; and 'the covering' is the act of joining; and the gathering of the leaves, some of them to each other, is similar to sewing rather than stitching. The majority of people read: 'they were covering'; from 'to cover'; and Abdullah ibn Buraidah read: 'they were covering' with emphasis on the letter 's'. (p-536) And Al-Zuhri read: 'they were covering' from 'to cover'; and Al-Hasan - as narrated by Mahbub - read: 'they were covering' with a fatḥah on the 'ya' and 'kha' and a kasrah on the 'sad' and with emphasis; and it was narrated from Ibn Buraidah and from Ya'qub; and its origin is 'they were covering' as you say: 'I heard the hadith' and 'I listened to it'; so the 'ta' was assimilated into the 'sad'; and its vowel was transferred to the 'kha'; and likewise the origin in the reading with a kasrah on the 'kha' after this; but when the 'ta' was made silent and assimilated into the 'sad', two silent letters met; so the 'kha' was broken according to the convention of meeting two silent letters; and Al-Hasan, Al-A'raj, and Mujahid read: 'they were covering' with a fatḥah on the 'ya', a kasrah on the 'kha', a kasrah on the 'sad', and emphasis; and its explanation has preceded.
Ibn Abbas - may Allah be pleased with him - said: The foliage that was made from is the foliage of the fig tree. And Ubayy narrated from the Prophet - blessings and peace be upon him - that Adam - peace be upon him - was walking in Paradise as if he were a tall palm tree. When he committed the sin and his condition became apparent to him, he fled on his face. A tree caught hold of the hair of his head; it is said that it was the olive tree. He said to it: "Release me." It said: "I will not release you." His Lord called to him: (Do you flee from Me, O Adam?) He said: "No, my Lord; but I am ashamed before You." He said: (Was there not for you in what I granted you from Paradise enough to refrain from what I prohibited you?) He said: "Yes, my Lord; but by Your might, I did not think that anyone would swear by You falsely." He said: (By My might, I will surely send you down to the earth; then you will not attain sustenance except by toil).
The judge Abu Muhammad - may Allah have mercy on him - said: And this is the covenant that Adam - peace be upon him - forgot; according to the view of those who consider forgetfulness to be at his door. And Ubayy ibn Ka'b recited: "Did you not both be forbidden from that tree and it was said to you?" And their saying: ﴿Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves﴾; is an acknowledgment from Adam and Hawwa - peace be upon them -; and a request for repentance; and for covering; and for being enveloped in mercy. So Adam - peace be upon him - sought this; and Iblis sought a respite; and did not seek repentance; so he was left to his own opinion. Al-Dahhak said: This verse is the words that Adam - peace be upon him - received from his Lord, the Most High.
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