His saying - glorified and exalted is He -: ﴿And He is the One who sent down from the sky water, and We brought forth thereby vegetation of every kind. And We brought forth from it green crops, from which We bring forth stacked grain, and from the palm trees, from its spathes, are clusters hanging low, and gardens of grapes, and the olive tree, and the pomegranate, similar and dissimilar. Look at its fruits when it fruits and its ripening. Indeed, in that are signs for a people who believe.﴾

"The sky" - in this context -: is the clouds; and everything that shades you is a sky; and "water"; its origin is "mawah"; the waw moved; and what was before it opened; so it came "mahh"; then the ha was replaced with the hamzah; due to the strength of the hamzah; because the alif and the ha are weak; voiceless.

And His saying: ﴿vegetation of every kind﴾; some of the interpreters said: meaning: from what grows; and it is appropriate to use the generality in "every kind"; because the mention of vegetation before it has restricted the intent; and Al-Tabari said: what is meant by "every kind" is what grows from all animals; and vegetation; and minerals; and others; because all of that is nourished; and grows by the descent of water from the sky; and the pronoun in "from it" returns to vegetation; and in the second it returns to the green; and "green"; means "greener"; and from it is His saying - blessings and peace be upon him -: «"The world is green and sweet";» meaning: "green."

Qadi Abu Muhammad - may Allah have mercy on him - said: And it seems that "green" is always meant for the meaning of freshness; and there is no entry for color in it; and "greener" is only established in color; and it is in freshness a metaphor.

And His saying: ﴿stacked grain﴾; encompasses all ears of grain; and what resembles them; like the pine cone; and the pomegranate; and others from all vegetation.

And His saying - the Exalted - ﴿And from the palm trees﴾; its estimation is: And We bring forth from the palm trees; and ﴿from its spathes are clusters hanging low﴾; it is an introduction; its news is advanced; and the sentence is in the position of the object of "We bring forth"; and "the spathe" is what first comes out from the palm tree in its sheaths; and "clusters" is the plural of "qinn"; which is the bunch; with a broken 'ain; and it is the cluster; and "the stalk" is its branch that holds the dates.

Al-A'raj read: "qann"; with a fatha on the qaf; and Abu Al-Fath said: it should be a name for the plural; not broken; because "fa'lan" is not among the examples of the plural; Al-Mahdawi said: and it was narrated from Al-A'raj with a dammah on the qaf; and that is because it is the plural of "qinn"; with a dammah on the qaf; Al-Farra said: and it is the language of Qays and the people of Hijaz; and the broken form is more famous among the Arabs; and "qinn" is dual "qannain"; with the nun being inflected; and "hanging low"; its meaning is: close to being reached; this was said by Ibn Abbas; and Al-Bara' ibn Azib; and Al-Dahhak; and it was said: close to each other.

And the majority read: "and gardens"; with the accusative of "and gardens"; as an addition to His saying - the Exalted - "vegetation"; and Al-Amash; and Muhammad ibn Abi Layla read; and it was narrated from Abu Bakr - may Allah be pleased with him - from Asim: "and gardens"; with the nominative; on the estimation of: "and for you are gardens"; or something like this; and Al-Tabari said: and it was added to "clusters."

Qadi Abu Muhammad - may Allah have mercy on him - said: And His saying is weak.

﴿And the olive and the pomegranate﴾; in the accusative; by consensus; as a conjunction to His saying, the Exalted, "grain"; and ﴿similar and dissimilar﴾; Qatadah said: Its meaning is: they resemble each other in color; and they differ in fruit; and Al-Tabari said: It is permissible that they resemble each other in fruit; and differ in taste; and it is possible that he means: they resemble each other in taste; and differ in appearance; and these states are present by consideration in the types of fruits.

And His saying, the Exalted, ﴿ "Look";﴾ is the sight of the eye; which leads to the thought of the heart; Ibn Kathir, Abu Amr, Nafi, Ibn Amer, and Asim read: ﴿ "to its fruit";﴾ with the opening of the thaa and the meem; and it is the plural of "fruit"; like "cow"; and "cows"; and "tree"; and "trees"; and Yahya ibn Wathab and Mujahid read: "its fruits"; they said: and it is the types of wealth.

Qadi Abu Muhammad - may Allah have mercy on him - said: It is as if the meaning is: "Look at the wealth that is obtained from it"; and this is the reading of Hamzah and Al-Kisai; Abu Ali said: It is better for it to be the plural of "fruit"; like "piece of wood"; and "pieces of wood"; and "hill"; and "hills"; and from it is the saying of the poet:

.............. ∗∗∗ You see the hills in it prostrating to the hoofs.

And its counterpart in the irregular: "she-camel"; and "she-camels"; and "courtyard"; and "courtyards"; and it is permissible that it be a plural of a plural; so you say: "fruit"; and "fruits"; and "fruits"; like "donkey"; and "donkeys"; and a group read: "to its fruits"; with the thaa being pronounced with a dammah; and the meem being silent; as if they sought lightness in the silence of the meem; and "the fruit"; in the language: is the yield of the tree; and what comes forth; and if the tree is called "fruits"; then it is a metaphor.

And the majority of the people read: "and its ripening"; with the opening of the yaa; and it is the source of "yani'a; yan'a"; if it ripens; it is said: "yani'a"; and "ayn'a"; and with ripening, Ibn Abbas - may Allah be pleased with both of them - explained this verse; and from it is the saying of Al-Hajjaj: "Indeed, I see heads that have ripened"; and "yani'a" is used to mean: "it became independent; and green, flourishing"; and from it is the saying of the poet:

In domes around Daskara ∗∗∗ around it the olive has ripened.

And it is said in "its ripening": that it is the plural of "ripe"; like: "merchant"; and "merchants"; and "rider"; and "riders"; Al-Tabari mentioned it.

And Ibn Muhaisin, Qatadah, and Al-Dahhak read: "and it ripens"; with the yaa being pronounced with a dammah; meaning: its ripening; and Ibn Abi Abla and the Yemeni read: "and its ripening"; and His saying: ﴿Indeed, in that are signs﴾ is an obligation of alertness; and a reminder; and the interpretation of something similar has preceded.