Commentary
His saying - glorified and exalted is He -: ﴿Then We gave Moses the Book, completing that which was best and a detailed explanation of everything, and guidance and mercy, so that perhaps they would believe in the meeting with their Lord.﴾ "Then"; in this verse, its delay is in the arrangement of the saying that Muhammad - blessings and peace be upon him - was commanded with; as if he said: "Then from what We decreed is that We gave Moses the Book"; and this is supported by the fact that Moses - peace be upon him - is earlier in time than Muhammad - blessings and peace be upon him -; and his recitation of what Allah, the Exalted, has prohibited; and "the Book": is the Torah; and "completing"; is in the accusative as a verbal noun. And His saying - the Exalted - ﴿upon that which was best﴾; there is a difference in its meaning; a group said: "that which"; means: "those who"; and "best"; is a past verb; the connection of "those who"; and as if the speech is: "And We gave Moses the Book as a favor over the good-doers from his people; and completing the blessing among them"; this is the interpretation of Mujahid; and in the Mushaf of Abdullah: "completing upon those who do good"; so this supports that interpretation; and a group said: "that which"; is not relative; and the meaning is: "completing upon what he has done well in the worship of his Lord; and fulfilling the matters of his prophethood"; referring to Moses - peace be upon him -; this is the interpretation of Al-Rabi' and Qatadah; and a group said: the meaning is: "completing - that is: as a favor and completion - upon that which Allah, the Exalted, has done well to His servants; from the prophethood; and blessings; and other than that; so "that which"; also in this interpretation is not relative; and this is the interpretation of Ibn Zayd. And Yahya ibn Ya'mur and Ibn Abi Ishaq read: "completing upon that which is best"; with the noon being pronounced; making it an adjective of preference; and its raising is upon an implied subject; its estimation is: "upon that which is best"; and Abu al-Fath weakened this reading; due to the ugliness of omitting the implied subject; and some grammarians of Kufa said: it is valid for "best"; to be an adjective for "that which"; in terms of approaching the definite article; as the Arabs say: "I passed by that which is better than you"; and it is not permissible to say: "by that which is knowledgeable"; and Al-Zajjaj refuted this Kufi saying; and "and a detailed explanation"; means: clarification; and division; and "so that perhaps they"; is a hope; in relation to mankind; and "in meeting their Lord"; means: in the resurrection; which belief in it is the end of the confirmation of the prophets - peace be upon them -; as the intellects are not obliged to it by their essences; but rather it is established by hearing; while allowing the intellect for it.
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