His saying - glorified and exalted is He -:

﴿And let the hearts of those who do not believe in the Hereafter incline towards it, and let them be pleased with it, and let them commit what they are committing﴾ ﴿So is it other than Allah I should seek as a judge, while He is the One who has sent down to you the Book detailed? And those to whom We have given the Book know that it is revealed from your Lord in truth, so do not be among the doubters﴾

﴿And let the hearts﴾; its meaning is: "to incline"; it is said: "sagha; yasghu"; and its original form is "yusghī"; with a kasra on the ghain; but the letter of the throat has been returned to a fatha; and it is said: "sagha; yasghū"; and "asghā; yusghī"; and "saghī; yasghā".

(p-445) And "hearts": the plural of "fu'ad"; and "they commit"; its meaning is: "they engage in; and they perpetrate"; and it is more commonly used in reference to evil; and sins; and the like.

And the readers have pronounced the lam in the three verbs with a kasra; on the basis that it is the lam of "ka"; so it may either be connected to "ghurūran"; or it may be related to a delayed action; its estimation is: "they did that"; or: "We made that"; so it is the lam of transformation; this is what Al-Zajjaj said; and it cannot be assumed that these lams - according to this reading - are the lam of command; and within it is the warning; and it remains in "and let the hearts incline"; in the manner that has come from that in the saying of the poet:

؎ Did it not come to you............ ∗∗∗..................?

And other than that from what has been read; Abu Al-Fath said: Al-Hasan read it with the lam in the three being silent; and it is the lam of "ka"; and it is connected to His saying - exalted is He - "ghurūran"; and the estimation is: "for the sake of deception; and let the hearts incline..."; and the silence of this lam is rare in usage; strong in analogy.

Qadi Abu Muhammad - may Allah have mercy on him - said: It appears that the reading of Al-Hasan - with the silence of the three lams - should be understood as the lam of command that includes warning and threat; and the writing according to this reading is: "and let them incline"; Abu Amr Al-Dani mentioned that his silence in the three lams; and likewise Abu Al-Fath said; and he mentioned that Al-Hasan only silences the second and third lams.

Qadi Abu Muhammad - may Allah have mercy on him - said: And this contradicts the writing of the mushaf in: "and let the hearts incline".

Qadi Abu Muhammad - may Allah have mercy on him - said: It is concluded that the lam in "and let the hearts incline" may be silent; according to what we have mentioned in the reading of the congregation; Abu Amr said: And the reading of Al-Hasan is indeed: "let them incline"; with a kasra on the ghain; and the reading of Ibrahim Al-Nakha'i is "let them incline"; with a damma on the ta; and a kasra on the ghain; from: "asghā; yusghī"; and likewise Al-Jarrah ibn Abdillah read.

And His saying, exalted is He, "So is it other than Allah I should seek as a judge?"; "judge" is in the accusative case due to "I seek"; and "detailed" is in the accusative case for clarification and distinction; and its meaning is: the ambiguity has been removed; His verses have been detailed; and this verse - although its meaning encompasses that Allah, exalted is He, should not be sought as a judge in anything and in every matter - we need, in describing the words and the coherence of the meanings, to look at a matter that precedes it which is a reason for His saying, exalted is He, "So is it other than Allah I should seek as a judge?"; it is - and Allah knows best - His judgment upon them that they do not believe; even if He were to send to them all the signs; and His judgment that He made for the prophets enemies from among the jinn and mankind; and "judge" is more eloquent than "ruler"; as it is a form of justice from the judges; and "the ruler" is based on action; so it may be said for the oppressor; and "judge" is in the accusative case for clarification or state.

And by this verse, the Khawarij disputed with Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, regarding his excommunication by arbitration; and they have no proof; because Allah, exalted is He, has judged in hunting and between spouses; so the arbitration of the believers is from His judgment, exalted is He.

And His saying, exalted is He, "And those to whom We gave the Scripture know that it is revealed from your Lord in truth"; it includes the testimony of their believers; and the criticism and warning against their polytheists and their envious ones.

And Ibn Amir and Hafs from Asim read: "revealed" with emphasis; and the others with lightening; and "the Scripture" is primarily the Qur'an; and secondarily a generic name: the Torah, the Gospel, the Psalms, and the Scrolls; and His description of the people of the Scripture with knowledge is general in the sense of specificity; and He only means their scholars and their rabbis.

And His saying, exalted is He, "So do not be among the doubters"; it is a confirmation; and an exaggeration; and a criticism of the doubters.