'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful' His saying, exalted and majestic is He: "And if it had not been that Allah had decreed upon them exile, He would have punished them in this world, and for them in the Hereafter is the punishment of the Fire." "That is because they opposed Allah and His Messenger. And whoever opposes Allah, then indeed, Allah is Severe in punishment." "Whatever you have cut down of a palm tree or left standing on its roots, it is by the permission of Allah, and so He may disgrace the transgressors." "And whatever Allah has taken as spoils from them, you did not rush upon it with horses or camels, but Allah sends His messengers upon whom He wills, and Allah is over all things competent." Allah, exalted and majestic is He, informs in this verse that He decreed exile upon the Children of Israel. The Banu al-Nadir were among those who settled in Hijaz at the death of Musa, blessings and peace be upon him, easily. This is because they were from the army that returned, and they disobeyed by not killing the boy, the son of the king of the Amalekites, due to his beauty and intellect. Musa, blessings and peace be upon him, had told them: Do not be shy of anyone. When that army returned to the Children of Israel in Sham, they found Musa dead. The Children of Israel said to them: You are disobedient, and by Allah, you will not enter our land. The people of that army said to the Children of Israel: There is no land we love more than the land we have conquered its people, so they turned back to Hijaz and remained there. The exile that was imposed upon them by Bukht al-Nasr upon the people of Sham did not occur to them. Allah, exalted and majestic is He, had decreed exile upon the Children of Israel, and they received this exile at the hands of Muhammad, blessings and peace be upon him. If it were not for that, Allah would have punished them in this world with the sword and killing like the people of Badr and others. It is said: The man exiled, and another exiled him. It may also be said: The man exiled himself, meaning: he departed. And "opposition" means that a person is on one side and his opponent is on another side. And His saying, exalted and majestic is He: "Whatever you have cut down of a palm tree" was caused by some of the companions of the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, who placed their hands in the palms of Banu al-Nadir, cutting and burning. Banu al-Nadir said: What is this corruption, O Muhammad, while you forbid corruption? Some of the companions refrained from that, and that was at the beginning of the war with them. The verse was revealed, informing that all that occurred of cutting or holding back was by the permission of Allah, exalted and majestic is He, and the verse responded to the words of Banu al-Nadir that Muhammad forbids corruption, and here he is corrupting. So Allah, exalted and majestic is He, informed that this was by His permission, and so He may recompense the transgressors from Banu al-Nadir. People differed regarding "the palm tree." Al-Hasan, Mujahid, Ibn Zayd, and Amr ibn Maymun said: The palm tree is the same as the palm tree, two names with one meaning, and its plural is lin and liyan. The poet said: And a palm tree like the smoothness of liyan, ignited in it the misguided one. And another said: The sound of the hidden ones falls upon a palm tree, the dew of its night in its feathers is dripping.

Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him and his companion, and a group of linguists said: The 'lina' from the date palm is what is not 'ajwa'. Sufyan ibn Sa'id al-Thawri said: The 'lina' is the noble one from the date palm. Abu 'Ubaidah, in what has been narrated from him, and Sufyan said: The 'lina' is what its date has a color, and it is a type of date called 'lawna'. Sufyan said: It is of a strong yellow color that reveals the pit so that it can be seen from the outside. Its origin is 'lownah', and it was changed to match the kasrah. Abu 'Ubaidah also said: The 'lin' is the mixed colors of the date palms that do not contain 'ajwa' or pits. Ibn Mas'ud and al-A'mash read: 'Or have you left it standing on its roots?' And His saying, the Exalted: 'And what Allah has given as spoils to His Messenger from them'... is an indication that what was taken from Banu al-Nadir and from Fadak is specific to the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, and is not subject to the ruling of the spoils that are pursued and fought over, but rather is subject to the ruling of one-fifth of the spoils. This is because Banu al-Nadir were not pursued nor fought against with great fighting. So the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, took from it for himself the sustenance of his family, and distributed the rest among the emigrants, and the Ansar were not given anything except that Abu Dujanah, Samak ibn Khurashah, and Sahl ibn Hunayf complained of great poverty, so he gave them. This is the saying of a group of scholars. In this regard, Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said: 'The wealth of Banu al-Nadir is from what Allah, the Exalted, has given as spoils to the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, from what the Muslims did not pursue with horses or riders. So the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, would spend from it on his family for a year's sustenance, and whatever remained of it he placed in weapons and armor as preparation in the way of Allah, the Exalted.' Some scholars said: And likewise, everything that is opened for the leaders from what was not pursued is specific to them. The 'wajif' is less than 'tadrib'. It is said that the horses ran and the rider pursued it. The 'ijaf' is the speed of movement and striving in it.