Tafsir for verses: 59:11, 59:12, 59:13
۞ أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ نَافَقُواْ يَقُولُونَ لِإِخۡوَٰنِهِمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ لَئِنۡ أُخۡرِجۡتُمۡ لَنَخۡرُجَنَّ مَعَكُمۡ وَلَا نُطِيعُ فِيكُمۡ أَحَدًا أَبَدٗا وَإِن قُوتِلۡتُمۡ لَنَنصُرَنَّكُمۡ وَٱللَّهُ يَشۡهَدُ إِنَّهُمۡ لَكَٰذِبُونَ ١١ ﴿11﴾ لَئِنۡ أُخۡرِجُواْ لَا يَخۡرُجُونَ مَعَهُمۡ وَلَئِن قُوتِلُواْ لَا يَنصُرُونَهُمۡ وَلَئِن نَّصَرُوهُمۡ لَيُوَلُّنَّ ٱلۡأَدۡبَٰرَ ثُمَّ لَا يُنصَرُونَ ١٢ ﴿12﴾ لَأَنتُمۡ أَشَدُّ رَهۡبَةٗ فِي صُدُورِهِم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ قَوۡمٞ لَّا يَفۡقَهُونَ ١٣ ﴿13﴾
11Did you not see the hypocrites saying to their brothers from those of the people of the Book who are unbelievers, “If you are expelled, we will certainly go out with you, and we will never obey anyone about you. And if you are fought against, we will definitely help you.” Allah bears witness that they are pure liars. 12If they are expelled, they will not go out with them, and if they are fought against, they will not help them. And even if they help them, they will surely turn their backs, then they will not be helped. 13In fact, your fear in their hearts is greater than (that of) Allah. That is because they are a people who do not understand.
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Commentary

His saying, glorified and exalted is He: "Did you not see those who have disbelieved among the Children of Israel? They say to their brothers who have disbelieved from among the People of the Scripture, 'If you are expelled, we will surely go out with you, and we will never obey anyone concerning you. And if you are fought against, we will surely aid you.' And Allah bears witness that they are indeed liars." "If they are expelled, they will not go out with them. And if they are fought against, they will not aid them. And if they do aid them, they will surely turn their backs, then they will not be aided." "Certainly, you are more in fear in their chests than Allah. That is because they are a people who do not understand." This verse was revealed about Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul, and Rifa'ah ibn al-Ta'but, and a group of the hypocrites of the Ansar who sent to Banu al-Nadir and said to them: 'Remain in your strongholds, for we are with you however your situation changes.' They only intended by that to strengthen their own souls, hoping that they would remain steadfast until Muhammad, blessings and peace be upon him, could not reach them and fulfill their desire. They were lying in what they said. Therefore, they did not go out when Banu al-Nadir were expelled; rather, they remained in their homes. And His saying, glorified and exalted is He: "And if they aid them" means: 'And if they attempt to aid them, they will be defeated, then Allah will not aid any of them.' The verbs are not in the jussive form in His saying, glorified and exalted is He: "They will not go out" and "They will not aid them" because they refer to the ruling of the division, not to the ruling of the condition, and there is consideration in this. Then, He addressed the nation of Muhammad, blessings and peace be upon him, informing them that the Jews and the hypocrites are more fearful of the believers than they are of Allah, because they expect immediate harm from the believers and do not believe in the delayed punishment from Allah, glorified and exalted is He, and that is due to their lack of understanding of matters and their failure to be guided to the truth.

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Ibn AtiyyahʿAbd al-Ḥaqq ibn Ghālib Ibn ʿAṭiyyah
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