And His saying, exalted and majestic is He: "There is no blame upon the blind, nor upon the lame, nor upon the sick. And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, He will admit him to gardens beneath which rivers flow. And whoever turns away, He will punish him with a painful punishment." "Certainly, Allah was pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you under the tree. So He knew what was in their hearts, and He sent down tranquility upon them and rewarded them with a near victory." "And abundant spoils which they will take. And Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise."

When Allah, exalted and majestic is He, reached the point of reproaching those who had stayed back from the neighboring tribes of the city, such as Juhayna, Muzayna, Ghifar, Aslam, and Ashja, He followed that by excusing the people of excuses from blindness, lameness, and sickness altogether. He lifted the blame from them, the hardship, and the sin. This is the ruling for those with excuses in every jihad until the Day of Resurrection, except that a certain group may be present. The obligation is directed according to ability, and with the lifting of blame, it is permissible for them to engage in battle, and their reward in it is multiplied. For the lame person is the most deserving of patience and not fleeing. Indeed, Ibn Umm Maktum engaged in battle and held the banner in some of the battles of Qadisiyyah. Al-Nasa'i reported this meaning and mentioned Ibn Umm Maktum, may Allah be pleased with him.

The majority of the reciters read: "He will admit him" with the pronoun 'he' (يُدْخِلُهُ), while Ibn 'Amir, Nafi', Abu Ja'far, the lame, al-Hasan, Shaybah, and Qatadah read: "We will admit him" with the pronoun 'we' (نُدْخِلُهُ). Likewise, they read: "He will punish him" (يُعَذِّبُهُ) and "We will punish him" (نُعَذِّبُهُ).

And His saying, exalted is He: "Certainly, Allah was pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you under the tree" is an honor and a declaration of His pleasure with them at the time of the pledge. Thus, it was called the Pledge of Ridwan. And pleasure means will; it is an attribute of essence. Whoever made "when" (إذْ) a cause, meaning: because they pledged allegiance under the tree, it is permissible for him to make "pleased" (رَضِيَ) mean: the manifestation of blessings upon them because of their pledge. Thus, pleasure, in this sense, is an attribute of action. The discussion regarding the pledge and its meaning has already been mentioned.

The reason for this pledge was that the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, wanted to send a man to Mecca to clarify to the Quraysh that the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, did not intend war but rather came as a pilgrim. So he sent to them Khurash ibn Umayyah al-Khuza'i, and he placed him on a camel called Al-Thalab. When he spoke to them, they hamstrung the camels and intended to kill Khurash, but the Ahabiish prevented them. This reached the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, and he wanted to send Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him. Umar said: O Messenger of Allah, you know my harshness towards the Quraysh, and they dislike me. There is no one from Banu Adi ibn Ka'b to protect me. But send Uthman ibn Affan. So the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, sent him. He went and met Aban ibn Sa'id ibn al-Aas, who dismounted from his mount and carried him on it, and he protected him until he reached the Quraysh and informed them. They said to him: If you wish, O Uthman, you may perform Tawaf around the House, but as for your entering upon us, there is no way to it. Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, said: I would not perform Tawaf around it until the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, performs Tawaf around it. Then Banu Sa'id ibn al-Aas detained Uthman at the direction of Al-Mabarrat, so he delayed in returning to the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, and Al-Hudaybiyyah is ten miles from Mecca. A caller from the army of the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, shouted: Uthman has been killed. The Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, and the believers became enraged and said: We will not depart if this is the case until we meet the people. The Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, called for the pledge and announced: O people, the pledge, the pledge. The Spirit of Holiness descended, and no one who witnessed Al-Hudaybiyyah refrained from the pledge except Al-Jid ibn Qays the hypocrite. At that time, the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, placed his hand on his hand and said: This is the hand of Uthman, and it is better than the hand of Uthman. Then Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, came back safe after that. The tree was a Samurah that was there, which disappeared after years. Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, passed by the place during his caliphate, and his companions disagreed about its location. Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: Move on, this is a burden.

And His saying, the Exalted: "So He knew what was in their hearts." Some people said: Its meaning is the dislike of the pledge of death and similar matters, and this is weak as it implies blame for the companions, may Allah be pleased with them. Al-Tabari and Mundhir ibn Sa'id said: Its meaning is faith, its correctness, love for the religion, and eagerness for it. This is a good saying, but whoever is in this state does not need the descent of what calms him. However, it is possible that he will be rewarded with tranquility, imminent victory, and spoils. Others said: Its meaning is the concern about distancing themselves from the polytheists and the aversion to that, similar to what Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, and others addressed. This is a good interpretation that aligns with the descent of tranquility and the indication of imminent victory. Tranquility here is the settling of their hearts and their submission to accept the command of Allah, the Exalted, and to be patient for it. And the people read: "And He rewarded them," Harun said: And it has also been recited: "And He granted them" with a Taa with two dots.

'The near victory': Khaybar. This is because the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, returned with the believers to Medina, and Allah had promised him [p-680] Khaybar. He went out to it and did not delay. Abu Ja'far al-Nahhas said: It has been said that the near victory is the victory of Mecca, and 'the abundant spoils': the victory of Khaybar. Ya'qub read in the narration of Ruways: 'You will take it' addressing them with the 'ta' from above. The majority read: 'They will take it' in the third person. There was a difference regarding the number of those who pledged allegiance. It was said: one thousand and five hundred, as stated by Qatadah. It was said: four hundred, as stated by Jabir ibn Abdullah. It was said: five hundred and twenty-five, as stated by Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them. It was said: three hundred, as stated by Ibn Abi Aufa. It was said: other than what we have mentioned before. The first to pledge allegiance in that was a man from Banu Asad named Abu Sinan ibn Wahb, as stated by al-Shabi.