His saying, exalted and majestic is He:

﴿To Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. He creates what He wills. He grants females to whom He wills, and He grants males to whom He wills.﴾ ﴿Or He couples them, males and females, and He makes whom He wills barren. Indeed, He is Knowing and Powerful.﴾ ﴿And it is not for a human that Allah should speak to him except by revelation or from behind a veil or that He sends a messenger and He reveals by His permission what He wills. Indeed, He is Exalted in Might and Wise.﴾ ﴿And thus We have revealed to you a spirit from Our command. You did not know what the Scripture was, nor what faith was, but We made it a light by which We guide whom We will of Our servants. And indeed, you guide to a straight path.﴾ ﴿The path of Allah, to whom belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. Unquestionably, to Allah belong the affairs.﴾

The first verse is a verse of reflection indicating the encompassing power and dominion over creation. It shows that His will, exalted and majestic is He, is effective in all His creation and in all their affairs. There is no entry for an idol in this matter. For the one who creates what He wills and chooses is none other than Allah, glorified is He. He is the one who distributes creation, granting females to whom He wills to make his offspring female, and granting males to whom He wills to this extent, or He diversifies them: sometimes granting a male, and sometimes granting a female. This is the meaning of His saying, exalted is He: ﴿Or He couples them﴾. Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah said: He means by His saying: ﴿Or He couples them﴾: twins, meaning He makes in one womb a pair of offspring, one male and one female. And "

, "is the one who does not have offspring. All of this is arranged with knowledge and power, and this verse negates the existence of the hermaphrodite.

And He began, exalted is He, in this verse by mentioning females to honor and dignify them, so that one may be concerned with protecting them and being good to them. The Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, said: "Whoever is tested with these daughters and treats them well will be a shield for him from the Fire." And Wail ibn al-Asqa' said: "The good fortune of a woman is to give birth to a female before a male, because Allah, exalted is He, began with females." This was narrated from him by al-Thalabi. And Ishaq ibn Bishr said: This verse was revealed regarding the prophets, peace be upon them, and then it was generalized. Lut, peace be upon him, the father of daughters, had no male born to him, while Ibrahim, peace be upon him, was the opposite. Muhammad, blessings and peace be upon him, had both kinds born to him, and Yahya ibn Zakariya, peace be upon them, was barren.

And His saying, exalted is He: "And it is not for a human being..." The verse was revealed due to a discussion that the disbelievers had regarding the meaning of Allah, exalted is He, speaking to Musa, peace be upon him, and similar matters. Quraysh and the Jews went into anthropomorphism and similar ideas. Thus, the verse was revealed clarifying the manner of Allah, blessed and exalted is He, speaking to His servants, how it is. He clarified that it is not possible for any of the prophets, blessings and peace be upon them, nor is it appropriate for him, nor can it be that Allah, blessed and exalted is He, speaks to him except by inspiring him in one of the forms of revelation through inspiration. Mujahid said: And the inspiration to the heart. Al-Naqqash said: Or revelation in a dream? Ibrahim al-Nakha'i said: There were among the prophets, peace be upon them, those to whom it was written on the earth and similar to this, or that He makes him hear His words without him knowing the direction of the speaker or any news, like Musa, peace be upon him. This is the meaning of: "from behind a veil," meaning: from concealment from the speaker that he cannot limit or conceive in his mind, and it is not like the veil in the observable. Or that He sends to him an angel who speaks to him with the revelation of Allah, blessed and exalted is He.

And the majority of the reciters and the people read: "Or He sends" in the accusative, "and He inspires" also in the accusative. Nafi', Ibn 'Amir, and the people of Medina read: "Or He sends" in the nominative, "and He inspires" with the ya' being silent and the verb in the nominative. As for the first reading, Sibawayh said: I asked Al-Khalil about it, and he said: It is understood as "that" different from that in His saying, exalted is He: "that Allah speaks to him," because the meaning would be corrupted if it were connected to this. Rather, the estimation in His saying, exalted is He: "revelation": "except that He inspires a revelation." And His saying, exalted is He: "or from behind a veil," the "from" is related to an action that the apparent meaning indicates. Its estimation is: Or He speaks to him from behind a veil. Then He, exalted is He, connected: "Or He sends" to this estimated action. As for the second reading, it is on the basis that "He sends" is in the state of being or as a separate statement, as if He, exalted is He, said: "Or He sends." Likewise, His saying, exalted is He: "except a revelation" is a source in the state of being, as you say: I came to you running and racing. Likewise, His saying, exalted is He: "from behind a veil" is also in the state of being, as is His saying, exalted is He: "And He speaks to the people in the cradle and in maturity and of the righteous" [Al-Imran: 46] in the state of being. Thus, "from" and what I have worked in this verse also, then He, exalted is He, connected His saying: "Or He sends" to this previous state. And in this verse is evidence that the message is one of the types of speaking, and that the one who swears by the sender is guilty if he swears that he will not speak to a person and then sends while he does not intend to speak face to face at the time of his oath.

'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful' His saying, exalted is He: ﴿And thus We have revealed to you﴾ means: And by these methods and of this kind, We have revealed to you, that is: like the messengers. And 'the spirit' in this verse is the Qur'an and the guidance of the Shari'ah. He has called it a spirit because it gives life to humanity and the world, just as the body is brought to life by the spirit. This is in the sense of comparison. And His saying, exalted is He: ﴿Of Our command﴾ means: one of Our matters. It is possible that 'the command' means the words, and 'of' is for beginning the limit. And His saying, exalted is He: ﴿And you did not know what the Book is nor what faith is﴾ is a statement regarding the measure of the blessing. And the pronoun in: 'We have made it' refers back to 'the Book'. And 'We guide' means: We direct. And the majority of people read: ﴿And indeed you guide﴾ with the opening of the 't' and the breaking of the 'd'. And Houshab read: 'And indeed you are guided' with the 't' being pronounced with a dammah and the 'd' being opened based on the form of the verb for the object. And in the reading of Ubayy: 'And indeed you call', which supports the reading of the majority. And Ibn al-Sumayfa and Asim al-Jahdari read: 'And indeed you guide' with the 't' being pronounced with a dammah and the 'd' being broken. And His saying, exalted is He: ﴿The path of Allah﴾ means: the path of the Shari'ah of Allah, exalted is He, and His mercy. Thus, in this regard and similar to this estimation, the path is attributed to Allah, exalted is He. And He began the statement by informing about the return of matters to Allah, exalted is He, in a manner of emphasis, affirmation, and confirmation. The matters are continually returning to Allah, exalted is He. However, this expression has come in the future tense as a reprimand for those who think that something of the matters belongs to humans. And Sahl ibn Abi al-Ja'd said: A mushaf was burned, and nothing remained of it except His saying, exalted is He: ﴿Indeed, to Allah belong all matters﴾. The interpretation of Surah Ash-Shura has been completed, and all praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds.