'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful' The Exalted said: ﴿After a bequest to be made or a debt that is not harmful, a bequest from Allah. And Allah is Knowing and Forbearing﴾ [An-Nisa: 12] ﴿These are the limits of Allah. And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, He will admit him to gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever. And that is the great success﴾ ﴿And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger and transgresses His limits, He will admit him to a Fire, abiding therein forever, and he will have a humiliating punishment﴾. 'Not harmful' is in the accusative case as a state, and the doer is 'to be made'. And 'a bequest' is in the accusative case as a source in the place of a state, and the doer is 'He commands you'. It is said that it is an accusative case due to the exit from His saying: ﴿For each one of them is a sixth﴾ [An-Nisa: 12] or from His saying: ﴿Then they are partners in a third﴾ [An-Nisa: 12]. It is correct that 'harmful' can act upon 'a bequest', and the meaning is that harm occurs by it and because of it, so it is applied to it by a figurative expression. Al-Hasan ibn Abi Al-Hasan read: 'Not harmful bequest' with the addition, as you say: a brave man of war, and a sword of war, and the goods of the stripped one, in the words of Tarafah ibn Al-Abd. The meaning is as we mentioned of the figurative expression for the correctness of the meaning. Ibn Abbas said: 'Harm in bequest is from the major sins,' narrated from the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him. Abu Huraira narrated that the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, said: 'Whoever harms in a bequest, Allah will throw him into a valley in Hell.' Qadi Abu Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The ways of harming are many and are not limited, and all of them are prohibited: acknowledging a right that is not upon him, bequeathing more than a third, or to his heir, or a third to escape from a needy heir, and others besides that. The famous position of Malik and Ibn Al-Qasim is that the bequester is not considered to be harming as long as it is within the third. If he harms the heirs in his third, that proceeds. And in the school, there is a saying that harm is rejected even if it is in the third, if it is known by acknowledgment or evidence. This is supported by His saying, the Exalted: ﴿So whoever fears from a bequest an inclination or wrongdoing, then there is no sin upon him if he makes reconciliation between them﴾ [Al-Baqarah: 182]... the verse. ﴿These are the limits of Allah﴾... the verse. 'These' refers to the division mentioned earlier in inheritances, and the limit is the barrier that prevents a matter from entering upon another or another from entering upon it. From this is their saying to the doorkeeper: a barrier, because he prevents. And from it is the mourning of a woman, which is her abstaining from adornment. This is the limit in this verse. And His saying: 'Beneath which' means beneath its buildings and trees, for which it is named a garden, because the rivers of Paradise are indeed on the surface of its land without any ditches. Al-Tabari narrated: The limits according to Al-Suddi here are the conditions of Allah, and according to Ibn Abbas: obedience to Allah, and according to some of them: the Sunnah of Allah, and according to some of them: the obligations of Allah. All of this is one meaning and different expressions. 'Abiding' said Al-Zajjaj: it is a state upon the estimation, meaning: estimated to be abiding therein. 'Abiding' is pluralized in the meaning of 'who' after the individuals have preceded, taking into account the wording of 'who', and the opposite of this is not permissible.

And His saying: ﴿And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger﴾... The verse, Nafi' and Ibn 'Amir read: "We will admit him" with the pronoun of greatness, while the others read: "He will admit him" with the pronoun of the third person in both. These are verses of promise and warning. The brevity regarding that has preceded. And Allah, glorified and exalted is He, has encouraged adherence to these limits in the division of inheritance. And He has warned against disobedience in it according to the denial of the Arabs of this division. And the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, spoke about it to 'Uyaynah ibn Hisn and others.