Tafsir for verses: 4:119, 4:120, 4:121, 4:122
وَلَأُضِلَّنَّهُمۡ وَلَأُمَنِّيَنَّهُمۡ وَلَأٓمُرَنَّهُمۡ فَلَيُبَتِّكُنَّ ءَاذَانَ ٱلۡأَنۡعَٰمِ وَلَأٓمُرَنَّهُمۡ فَلَيُغَيِّرُنَّ خَلۡقَ ٱللَّهِۚ وَمَن يَتَّخِذِ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنَ وَلِيّٗا مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ فَقَدۡ خَسِرَ خُسۡرَانٗا مُّبِينٗا ١١٩ ﴿119 يَعِدُهُمۡ وَيُمَنِّيهِمۡۖ وَمَا يَعِدُهُمُ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنُ إِلَّا غُرُورًا ١٢٠ ﴿120 أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ مَأۡوَىٰهُمۡ جَهَنَّمُ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ عَنۡهَا مَحِيصٗا ١٢١ ﴿121 وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ سَنُدۡخِلُهُمۡ جَنَّٰتٖ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَآ أَبَدٗاۖ وَعۡدَ ٱللَّهِ حَقّٗاۚ وَمَنۡ أَصۡدَقُ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ قِيلٗا ١٢٢ ﴿122
119and I will lead them astray, and I will tempt them with false hopes, and I will command them, whereby they shall slit the ears of cattle, and I will command them, whereby they shall alter the creation of Allah.” Whoever takes the Satan for friend, instead of Allah, incurs an obvious loss. 120He (the Satan) makes promises to them, and he tempts them with hopes. The Satan does not make a promise to them but to deceive. 121As for such people, their refuge is Jahannam, and they shall find no escape from it. 122Those who believe and do good deeds, We shall admit them to the gardens beneath which rivers flow. They shall live there forever, it being a real promise from Allah; and who is more truthful than Allah in his word?
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Commentary

'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful' His saying, ﴿And I will surely mislead them and I will surely inspire in them false desires, and I will surely order them to cut the ears of the animals, and I will surely order them to change the creation of Allah. And whoever takes the devil as a protector instead of Allah has certainly sustained a manifest loss.﴾ ﴿He promises them and inspires them with false hopes. And the devil does not promise them except delusion.﴾ ﴿Those are the ones for whom there is Hell as a refuge, and they will not find from it an escape.﴾ ﴿And those who have believed and done righteous deeds, We will admit them to gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever. It is a true promise of Allah. And who is more truthful than Allah in statement?﴾ His saying: ﴿ " , "And I will surely mislead them" : " ; " , "I will surely inspire in them false desires" : " ; " , "I will surely order them" : " ; " , "to cut the ears of the animals" : " ; " , "and I will surely order them" : " ; " , "to change the creation of Allah" : " ; " , "And whoever takes the devil as a protector instead of Allah has certainly sustained a manifest loss" : " ; " , "He promises them and inspires them with false hopes" : " ; " , "And the devil does not promise them except delusion" : " ; " , "Those are the ones for whom there is Hell as a refuge" : " ; " , "and they will not find from it an escape" : " ; " , "And those who have believed and done righteous deeds" : " ; " , "We will admit them to gardens beneath which rivers flow" : " ; " , "abiding therein forever" : " ; " , "It is a true promise of Allah" : " ; " , "And who is more truthful than Allah in statement?" : " ; " , "His saying: " : " ; " , "And I will surely mislead them" : " ; " , "I will surely inspire in them false desires" : " ; " , "I will surely order them" : " ; " , "to cut the ears of the animals" : " ; " , "and I will surely order them" : " ; " , "to change the creation of Allah" : " ; " , "And whoever takes the devil as a protector instead of Allah has certainly sustained a manifest loss" : " ; " , "He promises them and inspires them with false hopes" : " ; " , "And the devil does not promise them except delusion" : " ; " , "Those are the ones for whom there is Hell as a refuge" : " ; " , "and they will not find from it an escape" : " ; " , "And those who have believed and done righteous deeds" : " ; " , "We will admit them to gardens beneath which rivers flow" : " ; " , "abiding therein forever" : " ; " , "It is a true promise of Allah" : " ; " , "And who is more truthful than Allah in statement?" : " ; " , "His saying: " : " ; " , "And I will surely mislead them" : " ; " , "I will surely inspire in them false desires" : " ; " , "I will surely order them" : " ; " , "to cut the ears of the animals" : " ; " , "and I will surely order them" : " ; " , "to change the creation of Allah" : " ; " , "And whoever takes the devil as a protector instead of Allah has certainly sustained a manifest loss" : " ; " , "He promises them and inspires them with false hopes" : " ; " , "And the devil does not promise them except delusion" : " ; " , "Those are the ones for whom there is Hell as a refuge" : " ; " , "and they will not find from it an escape" : " ; " , "And those who have believed and done righteous deeds" : " ; " , "We will admit them to gardens beneath which rivers flow" : " ; " , "abiding therein forever" : " ; " , "It is a true promise of Allah" : " ; " , "And who is more truthful than Allah in statement?" : " ; " , "His saying: " : " ; " , "And I will surely mislead them" : " ; " , "I will surely inspire in them false desires" : " ; " , "I will surely order them" : " ; " , "to cut the ears of the animals" : " ; " , "and I will surely order them" : " ; " , "to change the creation of Allah" : " ; " , "And whoever takes the devil as a protector instead of Allah has certainly sustained a manifest loss" : " ; " , "He promises them and inspires them with false hopes" : " ; " , "And the devil does not promise them except delusion" : " ; " , "Those are the ones for whom there is Hell as a refuge" : " ; " , "and they will not find from it an escape" : " ; " , "And those who have believed and done righteous deeds" : " ; " , "We will admit them to gardens beneath which rivers flow" : " ; " , "abiding therein forever" : " ; " , "It is a true promise of Allah" : " ; " , "And who is more truthful than Allah in statement?" : " ; " , "His saying: " : " ; " , "And I will surely mislead them" : " ; " , "I will surely inspire in them false desires" : " ; " , "I will surely order them" : " ; " , "to cut the ears of the animals" : " ; " , "and I will surely order them" : " ; " , "to change the creation of Allah" : " ; " , "And whoever takes the devil as a protector instead of Allah has certainly sustained a manifest loss" : " ; " , "He promises them and inspires them with false hopes" : " ; " , "And the devil does not promise them except delusion" : " ; " , "Those are the ones for whom there is Hell as a refuge" : " ; " , "and they will not find from it an escape" : " ; " , "And those who have believed and done righteous deeds" : " ; " , "We will admit them to gardens beneath which rivers flow" : " ; " , "abiding therein forever" : " ; " , "It is a true promise of Allah" : " ; " , "And who is more truthful than Allah in statement?" : " ; " , "His saying: " : " ; " , "And I will surely mislead them" : " ; " , "I will surely inspire in them false desires" : " ; " , "I will surely order them" : " ; " , "to cut the ears of the animals" : " ; " , "and I will surely order them" : " ; " , "to change the creation of Allah" : " ; " , "And whoever takes the devil as a protector instead of Allah has certainly sustained a manifest loss" : " ; " , "He promises them and inspires them with false hopes" : " ; " , "And the devil does not promise them except delusion" : " ; " , "Those are the ones for whom there is Hell as a refuge" : " ; " , "and they will not find from it an escape" : " ; " , "And those who have believed and done righteous deeds" : " ; " , "We will admit them to gardens beneath which rivers flow" : " ; " , "abiding therein forever" : " ; " , "It is a true promise of Allah" : " ; " , "And who is more truthful than Allah in statement?" : " ; " , "His saying: " : " ; " , "And I will surely mislead them" : " ; " , "I will surely inspire in them false desires" : " ; " , "I will surely order them" : " ; " , "to cut the ears of the animals" : " ; " , "and I will surely order them" : " ; " , "to change the creation of Allah" : " ; " , "And whoever takes the devil as a protector instead of Allah has certainly sustained a manifest loss" : " ; " , "He promises them and inspires them with false hopes" : " ; " , "And the devil does not promise them except delusion" : " ; " , "Those are the ones for whom there is Hell as a refuge" : " ; " , "and they will not find from it an escape" : " ; " , "And those who have believed and done righteous deeds" : " ; " , "We will admit them to gardens beneath which rivers flow" : " ; " , "abiding therein forever" : " ; " , "It is a true promise of Allah" : " ; " , "And who is more truthful than Allah in statement?" : " ; " , "His saying: " : " ; " , "And I will surely mislead them" : " ; " , "I will surely inspire in them false desires" : " ; " , "I will surely order them" : " ; " , "to cut the ears of the animals" : " ; " , "and I will surely order them" : " ; " , "to change the creation of Allah" : " ; " , "And whoever takes the devil as a protector instead of Allah has certainly sustained a manifest loss" : " ; " , "He promises them and inspires them with false hopes" : " ; " , "And the devil does not promise them except delusion" : " ; " , "Those are the ones for whom there is Hell as a refuge" : " ; " , "and they will not find from it an escape" : " ; " , "And those who have believed and done righteous deeds" : " ; " , "We will admit them to gardens beneath which rivers flow" : " ; " , "abiding therein forever" : " ; " , "It is a true promise of Allah" : " ; " , "And who is more truthful than Allah in statement?" : " ; " , "His saying: " : " ; " , "And I will surely mislead them" : " ; " , "I will surely inspire in them false desires" : " ; " , "I will surely order them" : " ; " , "to cut the ears of the animals" : " ; " , "and I will surely order them" : " ; " , "to change the creation of Allah" : " ; " , "And whoever takes the devil as a protector instead of Allah has certainly sustained a manifest loss" : " ; " , "He promises them and inspires them with false hopes" : " ; " , "And the devil does not promise them except delusion" : " ; " , "Those are the ones for whom there is Hell as a refuge" : " ; " , "and they will not find from it an escape" : " ; " , "And those who have believed and done righteous deeds" : " ; " , "We will admit them to gardens beneath which rivers flow" :

And when Allah, the Most High, mentioned the arrogance of the devil and what he promised of spreading his deceit, He warned His servants - blessed and exalted is He - by stipulating for whoever takes him as an ally a recompense of loss. The concept of loss is that this one who takes the devil has taken a share of the devil, as if he has been given a share of Allah - blessed and exalted is He - in it, and he has left it for his sake.

And His saying, "He promises them and gives them false hopes"; he promises them with his falsehoods, from wealth and status, and that there will be no resurrection and no punishment, and so on. For everyone, what is appropriate to his condition, and he gives them false hopes likewise. Then the Most High began the news about the reality of that with His saying, "And the devil does not promise them except delusion."

Then He informed - glorified and exalted is He - about the fate of those who take the devil as an ally; and He warned them that their abode is Hell, and they will not be able to fend it off by any means, nor will they turn away from it, nor will they deviate, nor will they escape. And "al-mahīṣ" is a noun derived from "ḥāṣa"; if he fled and ran away. And from it is the saying of the poet:

I did not know if we could escape from death, as long as life remains and the distance is long.

And from it is the hadith: "So they fled like the wild donkeys to the doors." And "jāḍa" (with the jīm and the ḍād with dots) means to flee with aversion. And the language of the Qur'an uses the ḥāʾ and the ṣād without dots.

And when He informed - glorified and exalted is He - about the disbelievers who take the devil as an ally; and He made known the deception of the devil's promise to them; and He informed them of the forms of their affair, and that it is to Hell; all of this necessitated warning. He followed that - exalted and mighty - with encouragement in mentioning the state of the believers; and He informed them of the forms of their affair, and that it is to the everlasting bliss; and He informed of the truth of His promise to them. Then He affirmed that by stopping at His saying, "And who is more truthful than Allah in speech?"; and "al-qīl" and "al-qawl" are one, and its accusative is for distinction.

And a group read: "We will admit them" with the nūn; and a group read: "He will admit them" with the yāʾ; and "the promise of Allah" is in the accusative as a source; and "ḥaqqan" is also a source, affirming what came before it.

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Ibn AtiyyahʿAbd al-Ḥaqq ibn Ghālib Ibn ʿAṭiyyah
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