Commentary
'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful' He, the Exalted, said: "O mankind, you are the poor to Allah, and Allah is the All-Sufficient, the Praiseworthy. If He wills, He can remove you and bring forth a new creation. And that is not difficult for Allah. And no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another. And if a heavily burdened one calls another to carry it, nothing of it will be carried, even if he is a relative. You only warn those who fear their Lord in the unseen and establish prayer. And whoever purifies himself, he purifies himself for the benefit of his own soul. And to Allah is the final destination." This is a verse of admonition and reminder. Man is poor to Allah, the Exalted, in the minutiae of affairs and in the great matters. He cannot do without Him for the blink of an eye, while He is self-sufficient from everyone. Allah, the Exalted, is rich from the people and from everything of His creations, rich absolutely, and "the Praiseworthy" means the one who is praised absolutely. His saying: "difficult" means: something that is impossible. And "you will bear" means: you will carry the heavy burden. This verse is about sins, transgressions, and crimes, as said by Qatadah, Ibn Abbas, and Mujahid. The reason for it is that Al-Walid ibn Al-Mughirah said to a group of the believers: "Disbelieve in Muhammad, and I will bear your burden." So Allah, the Exalted, ruled that no one will carry the burden of another. And whoever among the rulers takes a relative for a relative in a crime - like the actions of Ziyad and the like - then that is because the one taken may assist the criminal by support and connection, or by being aware of his condition and confirming it. Thus, he has taken a share of the crime. This is the meaning of His saying, the Exalted: "And they will bear their burdens and other burdens along with their burdens" [Al-Ankabut: 13], because they misled them. This is the meaning of His saying, blessings and peace be upon him: "Whoever initiates a bad practice, he will bear its burden and the burden of whoever acts upon it after him. And whoever initiates a good practice, he will have its reward and the reward of whoever acts upon it after him." And "a bearer" is feminine because it follows the nature of the soul, and thus it is applied to "heavily burdened." And the burden is what is upon the back in terms of physical objects, and it is metaphorically used for meanings like sins and the like, so every burden is made connected to the back, just as every earning is attributed to the hand. The subject of "was" is implied, its estimation being: even if the caller is present. Then Allah, the Exalted, informed His Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, that he only warns the people of fear, and they are those who are granted knowledge. That is, only they benefit from the warning; otherwise, the warning for all of creation is his mission. And His saying: "in the unseen" means: while He is in a state of being unseen to them. It is merely a message. Then He specified among the deeds the establishment of prayer, as a reminder of it and an honor for it. Then He urged, glorified and exalted is He, on purification; as He emphasized the utmost importance of it. Talhah read: "And whoever purifies himself, he purifies himself for his own soul." Then Allah, the Exalted, warned after that with His saying: "And to Allah is the final destination." The judge Abu Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Every expression falls short of clarifying the eloquence of this verse, and likewise the Book of Allah is all like that. However, the matter appears to us in more places than it does in places according to our shortcomings.
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