Tafsir for verse: 34:12
وَلِسُلَيۡمَٰنَ ٱلرِّيحَ غُدُوُّهَا شَهۡرٞ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهۡرٞۖ وَأَسَلۡنَا لَهُۥ عَيۡنَ ٱلۡقِطۡرِۖ وَمِنَ ٱلۡجِنِّ مَن يَعۡمَلُ بَيۡنَ يَدَيۡهِ بِإِذۡنِ رَبِّهِۦۖ وَمَن يَزِغۡ مِنۡهُمۡ عَنۡ أَمۡرِنَا نُذِقۡهُ مِنۡ عَذَابِ ٱلسَّعِيرِ ١٢ ﴿12
12And for Sulaimān (We subjugated) the wind; its journey in the morning was (equal to the journey of) one month, and its journey in the afternoon was (equal to the journey) of another month. And We caused a stream of copper to flow for him. And there were some Jinns who worked before him with the leave of his Lord. Whoever of them would deviate from Our command, We would make him taste the punishment of the blazing fire.
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Commentary

His saying, exalted and majestic is He:

﴿And for Solomon [We subjected] the wind blowing by morning a month’s journey and by evening a month’s journey. And We caused a fountain of molten copper to gush forth for him. And of the jinn were those who worked for him by permission of his Lord. And whoever deviates among them from Our command, We will taste him of the punishment of the Blaze.﴾

Al-Hasan said: Solomon, peace be upon him, was saddened by the horses for the time that he lost from the virtue of the time of the 'Asr prayer. So Allah, the Exalted, replaced it with something better and faster. The majority read: "the wind" in the accusative, meaning: And for Solomon, We subjected the wind. And 'Asim - in the narration of Abu Bakr - and Al-A'raj read: "the wind" in the nominative, meaning: The wind was subjected, or as a beginning, and the news is in the genitive. This is based on the omission of a genitive that is understood as: And for Solomon, the subjection of the wind. Al-Hasan read: "And for Solomon, the winds," and likewise, it was gathered in all of the Qur'an.

And His saying, exalted and majestic is He: ﴿Its morning journey is a month and its evening journey is a month.﴾ Qatadah said: It would cover in the morning to near noon a month’s journey. It has been narrated from Al-Hasan Al-Basri that he said: He would leave from Sham from his residence in Tadmor, which the jinn built for him with columns and pillars, and he would take a midday rest in Istakhar, and he would return from there and spend the night in Kabul from the land of Khurasan, and similar to this. The storms would carry his carpet and take him after that ease. This carpet would carry - as it has been narrated - four thousand horsemen and similar numbers of men, and it would accommodate them. It has been narrated more than this by much, but the lack of its authenticity with the distance of its resemblance necessitated its abbreviation. And he, blessings and peace be upon him, said: "The best of armies is four thousand." And Solomon would not exceed what is good.

Ibn Abi 'Ablah read: ["Its morning journey is a month and its evening journey is a month."] And Solomon, peace be upon him, when he wanted a people, he would not be informed of it until he shaded them in the atmosphere of the sky.

And His saying, exalted and majestic is He: ﴿And We caused a fountain of molten copper to gush forth for him.﴾ It has been narrated from Ibn 'Abbas and Qatadah that there was a flowing spring for him in Yemen, a running spring of copper from which all that he loved was made for him. And copper is [UNTRANSLATED-LATIN: al-qitr]. A group said: Copper is all metal, copper and iron and what runs in its course. There were flowing springs of it for him. Another group said: Rather, the meaning of ﴿And We caused a fountain of molten copper to gush forth for him:﴾ is that We melted the copper for him, similar to how iron would soften for David. They said: And the works would come to Solomon while it was cold without fire, and "fountain" - according to this interpretation - means the melted substance. They said: No one had copper that softened or melted before him.

And His saying: ﴿And among the jinn are those who work﴾ allows for the possibility that "who" could be in the position of accusative as a follow-up to what has preceded, with an implied verb whose meaning is: And We have made among the jinn those who work. It is also possible that it could be in the position of nominative as a beginning, with the news in the genitive. And "yazigh" means: to deviate, that is, to turn away in disobedience. And He said: ﴿from Our command﴾ and did not say: "from Our will" because nothing occurs in the world that contradicts the will, but what contradicts the command does occur. Al-Dahhak said: And in the Mushaf of Abdullah: "And whoever deviates (p-166) from Our command" without "from them." And His saying: ﴿from the punishment of the blazing fire﴾ it is said: the punishment of the Hereafter, and it is said: rather, there was an angel appointed over them with a whip of the blazing fire, so whoever disobeyed, he struck him and burned him.

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Ibn AtiyyahʿAbd al-Ḥaqq ibn Ghālib Ibn ʿAṭiyyah
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