His saying, exalted and majestic is He:

﴿Indeed, Allah and His angels send blessings upon the Prophet. O you who have believed, ask [Allah to confer] blessings upon him and ask [Allah to grant him] peace.﴾ ﴿Indeed, those who abuse Allah and His Messenger - Allah has cursed them in this world and the Hereafter and has prepared for them a humiliating punishment.﴾ ﴿And those who harm believing men and believing women without [any] right have certainly born upon themselves a slander and a manifest sin.﴾

This verse has honored the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, and mentioned his status with Him. It has purified the evil actions of those who harbored ill thoughts regarding his wives and similar matters.

And His saying: ﴿ "send blessings",﴾ a group said: the pronoun in it refers to Allah and the angels. This is a saying from Allah, the Most High, by which He has honored His angels, so it is not accompanied by the objection that came in "the saying of the preacher at the Prophet's ﷺ: 'Whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger has certainly been guided, and whoever disobeys them has certainly gone astray,' and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: 'You are a bad preacher.'" They said: because it is not for any human to combine the mention of Allah, the Most High, with others in one pronoun, and it is for Allah to do with that what He wills. And another group said: in the speech there is an omission, the meaning of which is: Indeed, Allah sends blessings upon the Prophet and His angels send blessings. The apparent meaning of the saying indicates what has been omitted, and there is no gathering in the pronoun in the verse, and that is permissible for human action. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not say: "You are a bad preacher" for this meaning, but rather he said it because the preacher paused at "and whoever disobeys them" and remained silent. Among what supports this is that in the words of the Prophet ﷺ in the compilation of Abu Dawood: "He combined the mention of Allah, the Most High, with His Messenger in one pronoun," and among what supports the first saying is that in the book of Muslim: "You are a bad preacher, say: and whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger," and this is possible to be when he corrected him in his pause and said to him: "You are a bad preacher" to correct all his speech thereafter; because separating the pronoun of the name of Allah, the Most High, from the pronoun of others is preferable without a doubt. So he said to him: "You are a bad preacher" for a place where he corrected him in the pause, and he carried him to the first in separating the two pronouns. And if their gathering is permissible.

And the reading of the majority is: "and His angels" with the accusative of the ت, in conjunction with the hidden, and Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them, read it with the nominative in conjunction with the place before the entry of "Indeed," and in this there is consideration.

And the prayer of Allah, the Most High, is mercy from Him and blessings, and the prayer of the angels is supplication and glorification. And sending blessings upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at all times is one of the obligatory confirmed Sunnahs that it is not correct to abandon, and none forgets it except one who has no good in him. And he, blessings and peace be upon him, said: "Increase in sending blessings upon me on Friday, for it is a day witnessed."

Its description is what has been narrated about him, blessings and peace be upon him, in the book of al-Tabari, and through Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with both of them, "When this verse was revealed, some of the companions said to him: This peace be upon you, O Messenger of Allah, we have known it. How should we pray upon you? He said: 'Say: O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and upon the family of Muhammad, as You sent blessings upon Ibrahim and upon the family of Ibrahim. And have mercy on Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You had mercy on Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim among the worlds. Indeed, You are Praiseworthy and Majestic.'" In some narrations, there are additions and omissions; this is its meaning.

And al-Hasan read: "O you who have believed, ask for blessings upon him," and this 'fa' strengthens the meaning of the condition, meaning: Allah has prayed, so you pray, as you say: I gave you, so take. And in the reading of Abdullah: "Pray upon him as Allah has prayed upon him and greet him with a greeting."

And His saying, the Most High: "Indeed, those who harm Allah and His Messenger"—the majority said its meaning is: by disbelief and attributing a partner, child, or companion to Him, and describing Him with what is not befitting Him. In the hadith, "(Allah said: My servant has insulted Me and said: I have a child, and he has denied Me and said: He will not be resurrected)," and Ikrimah said: Its meaning is by depicting and insinuating to an action that only Allah does, by carving images and creating them. And the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, said: "May Allah curse the image-makers." And a group said: This is based on an omitted addition, its estimation being: they harm the allies of Allah.

And the harm to the Messenger, blessings and peace be upon him, is by what harms him from the sayings in more than one meaning, and from actions as well. Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with both of them, said: It was revealed concerning those who insulted him when he took Safiyyah bint Huyayy.

Qadi Abu Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And the insult to the appointment of Usamah is also a harm to him.

And His saying: [They cursed] means: they are distanced from all good.

And the harm to the believers and believing women is also by vile actions and words, slander, and gross fabricated lies. It has been narrated that Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said one day to Ubayy ibn Ka'b: I read this verse yesterday and was alarmed by it: "And those who harm the believers"—I swear, I will strike them and reprimand them. Ubayy said to him: You are not one of them, O Commander of the Believers. You are a teacher and a reformer. And Abu Hatim mentioned that Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, read: "Indeed, those who harm the believers and believing women," then he said to Ubayy, may Allah be pleased with him: How do you read this verse? So he read it as Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, read it.