Commentary
His saying, exalted and majestic is He: "Then one of them came to him walking shyly. She said, 'Indeed, my father calls you to reward you for having watered for us.' So when he came to him and related the story, he said, 'Do not fear; you have escaped from the wrongdoing people.'" "One of them said, 'O my father, hire him. Indeed, the best one you can hire is the strong and trustworthy.'" "He said, 'Indeed, I want to marry you to one of my two daughters on the condition that you hire me for eight years. If you complete ten, it will be from you. And I do not wish to make it difficult for you. You will find me, if Allah wills, among the righteous.'" In this context, there is a summary indicated by the apparent meaning. Ibn Ishaq estimated that they went quickly to their father, and their habit was to delay in watering. They informed him about the man who had watered for them. He commanded the elder of his two daughters - and it is said the younger - to invite him to him. So she came as mentioned in this verse. It has been narrated that the name of one of them was (Layyah) and the other (Sharifah). It has been narrated that the name of the wife of the Prophet of Allah, Musa, peace be upon him, was (Safurah), and it is said her name was (Suriyyah). Wahb ibn Munabbih said: The elder married him, and it has been narrated from the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, that he married the younger. Al-Thalabi and Makki mentioned this through Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased with him. Al-Naqqash said: They were twins, and the first was born half a day before the other. His saying: "walking" is a state of "one of them," and his saying: "shyly" means modestly, having covered her face with her garment. This was said by Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him. Amr ibn Maymun said: She was not a bold woman who would go out or be shameless. People have differed regarding the man who called Musa. The majority said: He is Shu'ayb, peace be upon him, and they are his daughters. Al-Hasan said: He is the nephew of Shu'ayb, and his name is Tharwan. Ibn Abi Ubaydah said: Yathrun. It is said: He is a righteous man not related to Shu'ayb by lineage. It is said that the two women were sent by their uncle, who was the owner of the sheep and the one who arranged the marriage. However, the term uncle was expressed as father in all matters since he is in the same position. It has been narrated that when Musa, peace be upon him, was approached by the message, he responded and stood to follow her to her father. A wind blew, pulling her garment to her body, and she described her backside. Musa, peace be upon him, felt shy to look at her, so he said to her: 'Return behind me and guide me to the way.' She understood him, so she described him with trustworthiness. This was said by Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with both of them. When Musa, peace be upon him, reached his caller, he recounted his story from beginning to end. He reassured him with his words: "Do not fear; you have escaped from the wrongdoing people." And Madyan was outside the kingdom of Pharaoh. When their conversation concluded, the daughter who had gone to him said: "O my father, hire him," the verse. When she described him with strength and trustworthiness, her father said to her: 'And how did you know this about him?' She said: 'As for his strength, it is in lifting the rock, and as for his trustworthiness, it is in his shyness from looking at me at the time of the wind blowing.' This was said by Ibn Abbas, and it was said by Ibn Zayd and others.
The father said to him at that time: "Indeed, I want to marry you". Ibn Abbas said: So he married the one who called him. And "you will be rewarded" means: you will be recompensed. And Makkī said: In this verse, there are specificities regarding marriage, among them that he did not specify the wife, nor did he set a beginning time, and he made the dowry a form of rental, and he entered without paying anything.
Qadi Abu Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on him, said: As for the specification, it seems that it was in the second stage of negotiation. He only presented the matter in general, and specified it afterward. As for the mention of the beginning of the period, there is nothing in the verse that necessitates its omission; rather, it is silent about it. So either they set it or it is from the time of the contract. And as for marriage by rental, it is apparent from the verse. This is a matter that our law has established, and it has been mentioned in the hadith of the one who had nothing but a little of the Qur'an. Some scholars went to the view that this is specific, and some of them to the view that it is abrogated. And Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, did not permit marriage by rental, while Ibn Habib and others permitted it, if the payment reaches the wife.
It was said: And from the wording of Shu'ayb, peace be upon him, it is better in the wording of contracts in marriage: "I marry him to her" more than "I marry her to him" and this is objectionable. And Shu'ayb, peace be upon him, made the eight years a condition and entrusted the two years to manliness.
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