Tafsir for verses: 28:12, 28:13, 28:14, 28:15
۞ وَحَرَّمۡنَا عَلَيۡهِ ٱلۡمَرَاضِعَ مِن قَبۡلُ فَقَالَتۡ هَلۡ أَدُلُّكُمۡ عَلَىٰٓ أَهۡلِ بَيۡتٖ يَكۡفُلُونَهُۥ لَكُمۡ وَهُمۡ لَهُۥ نَٰصِحُونَ ١٢ ﴿12 فَرَدَدۡنَٰهُ إِلَىٰٓ أُمِّهِۦ كَيۡ تَقَرَّ عَيۡنُهَا وَلَا تَحۡزَنَ وَلِتَعۡلَمَ أَنَّ وَعۡدَ ٱللَّهِ حَقّٞ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكۡثَرَهُمۡ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ ١٣ ﴿13 وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُۥ وَٱسۡتَوَىٰٓ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُ حُكۡمٗا وَعِلۡمٗاۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجۡزِي ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ ١٤ ﴿14 وَدَخَلَ ٱلۡمَدِينَةَ عَلَىٰ حِينِ غَفۡلَةٖ مِّنۡ أَهۡلِهَا فَوَجَدَ فِيهَا رَجُلَيۡنِ يَقۡتَتِلَانِ هَٰذَا مِن شِيعَتِهِۦ وَهَٰذَا مِنۡ عَدُوِّهِۦۖ فَٱسۡتَغَٰثَهُ ٱلَّذِي مِن شِيعَتِهِۦ عَلَى ٱلَّذِي مِنۡ عَدُوِّهِۦ فَوَكَزَهُۥ مُوسَىٰ فَقَضَىٰ عَلَيۡهِۖ قَالَ هَٰذَا مِنۡ عَمَلِ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِۖ إِنَّهُۥ عَدُوّٞ مُّضِلّٞ مُّبِينٞ ١٥ ﴿15
12And We had already barred him (Mūsā) from (accepting) any suckling women, so she (his sister) said (to Pharaoh’s people), “Shall I point out to you a family who will nurse him for you, and they will be his well-wishers?” 13Thus We brought him back to his mother, so that her eye might have comfort and she might not grieve, and so that she might know that Allah’s promise is true, but most of them do not know. 14And when he reached his maturity and became perfect, We gave him wisdom and knowledge. This is how We reward those who are good in their deeds. 15Once he entered the city at a time when its people were heedless; so he found in it two men fighting each other: This one was from his own group, and that one from his enemies. So the one from his own group called him for help against the one who was from his enemies. So Mūsā gave him a blow with his fist and finished him off. (Then) He (Mūsā) said (out of remorse), “This is some of Satan’s act. He is indeed a clear enemy who misleads (people).”
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Commentary

His saying, exalted and glorified is He: "And We prohibited for him the wet nurses before, so she said, 'Shall I direct you to a household that will nurse him for you while they are to him sincere?" And We returned him to his mother so that her eye might be comforted and she would not grieve, and so that she would know that the promise of Allah is true, but most of them do not know." And when he reached maturity and was established, We gave him judgment and knowledge. And thus do We reward the good-doers." And he entered the city at a time when its people were unaware. And he found in it two men fighting; this one was from his faction and that one was from his enemy. So the one who was from his faction called for his help against the one who was from his enemy. And Moses struck him and ended him. He said, 'This is from the work of Satan. Indeed, he is a manifest misleading enemy.'

His saying, blessed and exalted is He: "And We prohibited for him the wet nurses" indicates that Allah, exalted is He, specifically prohibited him from the breast of women in a way that is unusual for children, which is a prohibition of dislike. And "the wet nurses" is the plural of "wet nurse," and it was used without the feminine ending because it does not confuse with men. And His saying, exalted is He: "before" means from the very beginning of his matter, and "before" is a fixed word. The pronoun in "so she said" refers to the sister of Moses. Al-Nakha'i said: her name is Maryam. And "they will nurse him" means: they will do well in raising him and nursing him. And the people knew that their speaker was from the Children of Israel, and that was the custom of the Children of Israel, to have wet nurses and servants. And His saying: "and they are sincere to him" it is possible that the pronoun refers to the child, so they said to her: 'Indeed, you have recognized him, so inform us who he is?' She said: 'I only meant that they are sincere to the king,' so she freed herself from them with this interpretation.

Qadi Abu Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on him, said:

It is possible that the pronoun refers to the child, but the advice to him is due to the kingship and a desire to ingratiate oneself with him and to be close to him. In the speech here, there is an omission that the apparent meaning necessitates, which is that she brought them to the mother of Musa and they spoke to her about that. So she turned to him and accepted him, and she was favored by that, and he was good to her and to her family, and her eyes were comforted, meaning she was pleased by that. It has been narrated that Pharaoh, may Allah curse him, said to her: 'What is the reason for accepting this child?' She replied: 'I have a pleasant scent, the milk is good, the tears of joy are cool, and the eyes of the distressed are hot.' From this meaning, it is said: 'The eye was comforted and it became warm.' And Yaqub read: 'We will settle' with a rounded noon and a broken qaf. And 'the promise of Allah,' glorified and exalted is He, referred to here is what He first revealed to her, either by an angel or by his manifestation, or by inspiration, according to the differing opinions of the interpreters on that. The saying of inspiration is weak to be said in it: 'promise.' And His saying, glorified and exalted is He: 'But most of them' refers to the Copts. And 'the strongest' is the plural of strength, from the years. A group said: reaching maturity, which is a period of fifteen years. Another group said: eighteen years. And Al-Suddi said: twenty. A group said: twenty-five. Another group said: thirty. Mujahid and Ibn Abbas said: thirty-three. A great group said: thirty-six. Mujahid and Qatadah said: forty years. And Al-Makki said: it was said to be sixty years, and this is weak. And 'the strongest' means the strength of the body and the firmness of his restraint and his power. 'And he reached maturity' means his intellect was complete and he was resolute, and that - according to the majority - is at forty. And 'the judgment' means wisdom, and 'the knowledge' means the knowledge of the law of Ibrahim, peace be upon him, which is a prerequisite for his prophethood, peace be upon him.

And the scholars differed regarding His saying, the Exalted: ﴿And he entered the city at a time of negligence from its people﴾. Al-Suddi said: Musa was at the time of this story in the position of attachment to Fir'aun. He used to ride in his processions to the extent that he was called Musa, son of Fir'aun. They said: One day, Fir'aun rode out and went to a city from the cities of Egypt called Manf. Then Musa, peace be upon him, learned of Fir'aun's riding, so he rode after him and reached that city at the time of the afternoon, which is the time of negligence. This was said by Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him. He also said: It is what is between the two evening prayers. Ibn Ishaq said: Rather, the city is Egypt itself. At this time, Musa had begun to oppose Fir'aun and his people with what they disliked. He was hiding himself, fearing them. So he entered disguised, cautious and unnoticed by the people. Ibn Zayd said: Rather, Fir'aun had opposed him and expelled him from the city, and he had been away for years, so he was forgotten, and his matter became widespread. He came while the people were in negligence due to their forgetting of him and the long time since they had seen him. It was said: It was a day of celebration. And His saying, the Exalted: ﴿They were fighting﴾ is in the present tense, meaning: they were fighting. And

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