Commentary
'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful' He, the Exalted, said: "And those who are true to their trusts and their covenant. And those who carefully maintain their prayers. It is they who will inherit. And they will inherit the Paradise, wherein they will abide forever." The majority of the people read: "their trusts" in the plural, while Ibn Kathir read: "their trust" in the singular. The trust and the covenant encompass all that a person bears in matters of his religion and worldly affairs, in word and action. This includes social interactions, promises, and other matters. The maintenance of this means preserving it and fulfilling it. The trust is broader than the covenant; for every covenant is a trust regarding what has been previously stated in word, action, or belief. There may also be a trust in matters where no prior covenant has been made. If we take them in relation to the servant, then if we take them in terms of their origin - the covenant of Allah with His servants and the trust He has placed upon them - they are in the same rank. The majority read: "their prayers," while Hamzah and Al-Kisai read: "their prayer" in the singular. This singular form is a generic noun, meaning it refers to the plural. The maintenance of prayer involves being vigilant about its times and hastening to its preferred times. The "inheritors" refers to Paradise. It has been narrated in a hadith from Abu Huraira - may Allah be pleased with him - from the Prophet - blessings and peace be upon him - that he said: "Indeed, Allah, the Exalted, has made for every person a dwelling in Paradise and a dwelling in Hellfire. As for the believers, they will take their places and inherit the dwellings of the disbelievers, and the disbelievers will end up in their dwellings in Hellfire." Qadi Abu Muhammad - may Allah have mercy on him - said: It is possible that Allah - the Exalted - calls the attainment of Paradise inheritance because they acquired it without others. Thus, it is a borrowed name in both senses. And "the Firdaus" is the city of Paradise, and it is the Paradise of vineyards. The term - as Mujahid said - is a Roman word that was Arabized, and it is said to be a Persian word that was Arabized. The Arabs refer to vineyards as "Firdaws." The Messenger of Allah - blessings and peace be upon him - said to Umm Haritha: "Indeed, there are many gardens, and your son has attained the Firdaus."
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