Tafsir for verses: 21:80, 21:81
وَعَلَّمۡنَٰهُ صَنۡعَةَ لَبُوسٖ لَّكُمۡ لِتُحۡصِنَكُم مِّنۢ بَأۡسِكُمۡۖ فَهَلۡ أَنتُمۡ شَٰكِرُونَ ٨٠ ﴿80 وَلِسُلَيۡمَٰنَ ٱلرِّيحَ عَاصِفَةٗ تَجۡرِي بِأَمۡرِهِۦٓ إِلَى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ ٱلَّتِي بَٰرَكۡنَا فِيهَاۚ وَكُنَّا بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَٰلِمِينَ ٨١ ﴿81
80We taught him the skill of making armor as dress for you to protect you from what may harm you (in combat). So are you grateful? 81And for Sulaimān, (We subjugated) the violent wind that blew under his command to the land in which We placed Our blessings. And We were the One who knew everything.
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Commentary

His saying, exalted and majestic is He:

﴿And We taught him the craft of armor for you to protect you from your violence. So are you grateful?﴾ ﴿And for Solomon, the fierce wind, blowing by his command to the land which We blessed therein, and We were knowing of all things.﴾

Allah, the Exalted, counted for mankind that He taught David, peace be upon him, the craft of armor and softened iron for him. He would make it in the most skillful manner to serve as protection from war and a means of salvation from the enemy. "Armor" in language refers to weapons, including the shield, sword, spear, and others. This is also indicated in the saying of the poet:

And with me is armor for the wretched, as if it were the dew on the forehead of a flock of sheep.

Meaning the spear.

Nafi' and the majority read: "to protect you" with the 'ya' meaning: to protect you, David, peace be upon him, or the armor. Ibn 'Amir and Hafs from 'Asim read: "to protect you" with the 'ta' meaning: to protect you, the craft or the armor which the armor fell upon. Abu Bakr from 'Asim read: "to protect you" with the 'nun' meaning attributing the action back to Allah, the Exalted. It is narrated that people would take armor made of iron plates, and its weight would cut down most people. A group read: "the wind" in the accusative meaning: and We made the wind subservient. Another group read: "the wind" in the nominative as a subject, and the predicate is in the genitive before it. It is narrated that the fierce wind would blow over the throne of Solomon, peace be upon him, which had his carpet upon it. He had surrounded the carpet with wood and planks until he made a throne that could carry all his army and provisions. It would lift him from the ground into the air, then the gentle wind would take it to wherever Solomon, peace be upon him, desired.

And His saying: ﴿to the land which We blessed therein﴾, the people disagreed about it. A group said: it is the land of the Levant, which was his dwelling and the place of his kingdom. This verse specifies his journey in his expeditions to his land because that necessitates his travel to the places he traveled to. The "blessing" in the land of the Levant is evident. Some of them said: the fierce wind is in the approach of people and animals in hastening to their homeland, and the gentle wind was at the beginning where it struck, meaning where he intended; because that is a time of deliberation and planning and changing opinions. Al-Munthir ibn Sa'id said: in the verse there is a precedence and delay, and the speech is complete at His saying: "to the land" and His saying: "which We blessed therein" is a description of the wind.

Qadi Abu Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on him, said:

It is possible that he means the land to which Solomon, peace be upon him, is traveling, wherever it may be, as he would not travel to a land except that he would rectify it, kill its disbelievers, establish faith in it, and spread justice therein. And there is no greater blessing than this. It is as if he said: to any land We have blessed therein, We sent Solomon to it.

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Ibn AtiyyahʿAbd al-Ḥaqq ibn Ghālib Ibn ʿAṭiyyah
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