Tafsir for verses: 20:108, 20:109, 20:110, 20:111
يَوۡمَئِذٖ يَتَّبِعُونَ ٱلدَّاعِيَ لَا عِوَجَ لَهُۥۖ وَخَشَعَتِ ٱلۡأَصۡوَاتُ لِلرَّحۡمَٰنِ فَلَا تَسۡمَعُ إِلَّا هَمۡسٗا ١٠٨ ﴿108 يَوۡمَئِذٖ لَّا تَنفَعُ ٱلشَّفَٰعَةُ إِلَّا مَنۡ أَذِنَ لَهُ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنُ وَرَضِيَ لَهُۥ قَوۡلٗا ١٠٩ ﴿109 يَعۡلَمُ مَا بَيۡنَ أَيۡدِيهِمۡ وَمَا خَلۡفَهُمۡ وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِهِۦ عِلۡمٗا ١١٠ ﴿110 ۞ وَعَنَتِ ٱلۡوُجُوهُ لِلۡحَيِّ ٱلۡقَيُّومِۖ وَقَدۡ خَابَ مَنۡ حَمَلَ ظُلۡمٗا ١١١ ﴿111
108That day they will follow the caller who will find no deviation (from anyone). And the voices will turn low in awe for the RaHmān (All-Merciful, Allah). So, you will hear not but whispering. 109That day no intercession will be of any use to anyone, except the one whom the RaHmān (All-Merciful, Allah) has permitted and was pleased with his word. 110He knows what is in front of them and what is behind them, and they do not encompass Him in (their) knowledge. 111All faces will be humbled before (Allah,) the Ever-Alive, the All-Sustaining; and the loser will be the one who bears (the burden of his) injustice.
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Commentary

His saying, exalted and majestic is He:

"On that Day, they will follow the caller; there is no deviation for him. And the voices will be humbled before the Most Merciful, so you will not hear except a whisper." "On that Day, intercession will not benefit except for him whom the Most Merciful has permitted and whose word He is pleased with." "He knows what is before them and what is behind them, and they encompass not in knowledge." "And the faces will be humbled before the Ever-Living, the Sustainer. And he has failed who carries injustice."

The meaning: On the Day we will obliterate the mountains, the creatures will follow the call of Allah, the Exalted, to the gathering place. This is similar to His saying, exalted is He: "rushing towards the caller." (Qamar: 8). And His saying: "there is no deviation for him" can mean that there is no doubt in it, and its existence does not contradict His report. It can also mean that there is no escape for anyone from following him and moving towards his voice. And "humility" refers to submission and modesty, and it is a metaphor in sounds meaning secrecy and quietness. The meaning of "before the Most Merciful" is due to His awe and the terror of the manifestation of His power. And "whisper" refers to the quiet, subdued sound. It may be that he means "with the audible whisper" their quiet conversations among themselves, and it may refer to the sound of footsteps, and that the sounds of speech are still.

And "who" in His saying: "except for him whom the Most Merciful has permitted" may indicate that the exception is connected, and "who" is in the position of being a beneficiary of intercession. So the meaning is: except for him whom the Most Merciful has permitted to intercede for him. It may also be that the exception is disconnected, implying: but whoever the Most Merciful has permitted will intercede. Thus, "who" is in the position of being a beneficiary in the exception, and it is correct for it to be in the position of being a subject, just as both forms are permissible in your saying: "There is no one in the house except a donkey, or except a donkey." The accusative is more appropriate, and "who" - according to these interpretations - is for the intercessor, and it may be that it is for the one being interceded for.

And His saying, exalted is He: "He knows what is before them and what is behind them," one group said: He means the angels, and another group said: He means all of His creation. And it has been previously stated in various contexts what is before and what is behind, on the understanding that a group of the interpreters said about this verse: what is behind them is the world, and what is before them is the matter of the Hereafter, reward, and punishment. This is by presenting it in a state of standing until it is made like celestial bodies. However, if we consider it in the sequence of time, the matter is the opposite according to what we have explained before.

And His saying, exalted is He: "And the faces will be humbled" means: they will be humbled, and the one who is humbled is the captive. From this, the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, said regarding women: "They are captives among you." And this is the state of people on the Day of Resurrection. Talq ibn Habib said: The Exalted intended the prostration of people on their faces and the seven parts of the body.

Qadi Abu Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on him, said:

If it is reported that on the Day of Resurrection people will be in prostration, and he made this verse an announcement, then his saying is correct. But if he meant the prostration of this world, then he has corrupted the meaning. And 'the Sustainer' is a form of exaggeration from His standing, glorified and exalted is He, over everything in what He must. And 'failure' means: he did not succeed nor attain what he sought. And 'injustice' encompasses polytheism and sins. The failure of every bearer is according to the amount of injustice he has carried. So the failure of the polytheist is absolute, while the failure of the sinner is restricted by time and limit in punishment.

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Ibn AtiyyahʿAbd al-Ḥaqq ibn Ghālib Ibn ʿAṭiyyah
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