Tafsir for verse: 12:52
ذَٰلِكَ لِيَعۡلَمَ أَنِّي لَمۡ أَخُنۡهُ بِٱلۡغَيۡبِ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَهۡدِي كَيۡدَ ٱلۡخَآئِنِينَ ٥٢ ﴿52
52(Then Yūsuf said), “That was because he (the governor) may know that I did not betray him in his absence, and that Allah does not lead the guile of betrayers to success.
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Commentary

'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful' His saying, exalted and glorious is He: ﴿That is so he may know that I did not betray him in secret, and that Allah does not guide the plot of the betrayers﴾ A group of the people of interpretation said: This statement is from Yusuf, peace be upon him, meaning: That is so my master, the Aziz, may know that I did not betray him regarding his family while he is absent, and so he may also know that Allah, the Exalted, does not guide the plot of a betrayer nor does He direct his efforts. Al-Qadi Abu Muhammad, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And the guidance for the plot is borrowed, meaning: He does not speak to him nor does He carry it out on the path of success. And there may be a guided plot if the one plotting is pious in a matter of interest. This group differed, and Ibn Jurayj said: This statement from Yusuf, peace be upon him, is connected to his saying to the messenger: ﴿Indeed, my Lord is Knowing of their plot﴾ [Yusuf: 50]. And in the speech, there is precedence and delay; the reference by his saying: 'That is' - according to this interpretation - is to his remaining in prison and seeking his innocence, meaning: This is so my master may know that I did not betray him. Some of them said: Yusuf only said this statement when the wife of the Aziz spoke her words up to her saying: ﴿And indeed, he is among the truthful﴾ [Yusuf: 51], so the reference - according to this - is to her acknowledgment and the action of Allah, the Exalted, towards him. And this weakens; because it necessitates his presence with the women before the king, and after this the king says: ﴿Bring him to me﴾ [Yusuf: 54]. A group of the people of interpretation said: This verse is from the words of the wife of the Aziz, and her speech is connected, meaning: My saying this and my acknowledgment is so that Yusuf may know that I did not betray him in his absence, by lying to him or accusing him of a sin of which he is innocent. The estimation - according to this interpretation - is: My repentance and acknowledgment is so that he may know that I did not betray him and that Allah does not guide... And that the speech from Yusuf comes with the estimation: And so he may know that Allah does not guide the plot of the betrayers.

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Ibn AtiyyahʿAbd al-Ḥaqq ibn Ghālib Ibn ʿAṭiyyah
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