Commentary
And when it became clear that the one who abandons the oppressor without retribution and the one who does good without honoring is not on the path of justice that Allah, glorified and exalted is He, has legislated, it is very appropriate to repeat the denial by His saying, glorified and exalted is He: "Is not Allah" meaning concerning what He has of the attributes of perfection. He confirmed it with the preposition in His saying: "the most just of judges" meaning that He would leave the creation to destroy one another without recompense, so that their creation would be in vain. Rather, He is the most just of judges in knowledge, ability, justice, and wisdom due to what has been observed of His creativity in creation and the differences between them. He made man among them in the best form, so it is necessary that He establish recompense and set the scales of justice for the Day of Resurrection, so that His justice, wisdom, and grace may be manifest. This latter is the first of it, a division from the aspect of the prophethood through which His judgment and wisdom appeared, and it is divided from the perspective that the creation in the best form necessitates justice without a doubt. The response of the lowest of the low requires wisdom necessarily due to what occurs of oppression and conflict between those who remain upon the upright nature and those who are returned to the lowest of the low. This Surah encompasses and permits it for all the objectives of the Torah in general, and it increases the indication of the Hereafter. This is because its division is His saying in the Torah: "Our Lord came to us from Sinai and shone upon us from the mountain of Seir, and appeared to us from the mountains of Paran." The creation in the best form is the creation of Adam, blessings and peace be upon him, mentioned at the beginning of it, and the creation of his wife and what they need from the heavens and the earth, and the creation of the chosen ones from their offspring and what they brought of good. And those who believed and did righteous deeds are what is in it from the laws and rulings. His saying after what has preceded from the expression concerning the divided is: "With him are the ranks of the pure on his right, whom he gave and made beloved to the nations, and blessed all of his pure ones." The response of the lowest of the low is what he mentioned at the beginning of it from the sinners from Qabil and from after him to its end, concerning what he indicated of the disobedience of the Children of Israel that necessitated their curse. It has encompassed the beginning of the Torah and its end and its middle, and he began with its end because it is in the prophethood, and it is the most important of the important because it is the savior from the evil of the highway robbers. Its end is the clearest of what is in it concerning the prophethood, especially the three great ones referred to by the division of this Surah. And Allah, glorified and exalted is He, knows best of the unseen.
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