Tafsir for verse: 90:1
لَآ أُقۡسِمُ بِهَٰذَا ٱلۡبَلَدِ ١ ﴿1
1I swear by this city,
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Commentary

(p-45) The purpose of Surah Al-Balad is to indicate the denial of ability from man, and to affirm it for his Creator, the Just One, by mentioning the sincere among them, who leads to happiness in the Hereafter. This is what his Lord, glorified and exalted is He, has guided him to. This is the meaning of its name. For indeed, from contemplating the safety of the people of the Sacred Sanctuary and what they have in terms of sustenance and goodness despite the scarcity of provision in their land - along with what others have, who are more numerous and stronger than them - from fear and hunger, it is known that 'In the name of Allah,' the Sovereign, the One, the Subduer, 'the Most Gracious,' who has bestowed His grace upon all of His creation, and differentiated between them in His gifts, so that each one is displeased with his condition in the hardship of what concerns him, both in his private and public matters, due to a decree that minds cannot comprehend. 'The Most Merciful,' who has favored the people of His guardianship with what pleases Him regarding them from His decrees, so He leads them to His Paradise and saves them from the Fire.

* *When He concluded the words of Al-Fajr with the Paradise, which is the best of the places where creation resides, especially the one added to His most specific name, which is the one who calls to prayer, indicating that it is the best of the gardens, (p-46) after He concluded its verses with the tranquil soul after mentioning the sign that occurred in the depth of regret, which wishes for non-existence, after what has preceded [from] that it remains in the hardship of the trial of life in ease and hardship, He began this with the sign, swearing in its matter by the greatest of lands and the noblest of tranquil souls. He said, confirming by negation from the standpoint that he negates the opposite of what is established from the content of the speech while cutting off that he did not intend by it anything other than that: 'I do not swear,' meaning I swear an oath that affirms its content and negates its opposite. It is possible that the negation is on its apparent meaning, and the meaning is that the matter is in appearance free from the need for an oath, even by this oath which you are aware is of the utmost greatness. So it would be like His saying: 'So I do not swear by the positions of the stars' [Al-Waqi'a: 75] 'And indeed, it is a great oath if you only knew' [Al-Waqi'a: 76] 'By this city,' meaning the Sacred City, which is Mecca, to which its seekers can only reach with great difficulty, and they do not increase in it except in love, indicating that Allah, the Exalted, has made it the best of lands, and has cast love for it in the hearts of those He has chosen from all present and absent, because it has been honored in its beginning, end, and during it with the best of the servants. And He did not describe it with safety because it does not fit the context of hardship, unlike what is in At-Tin, for the intended there are the perfections.

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