Commentary
And when he mentioned what occurs from them in terms of mockery, he followed it up by emphasizing their increased disbelief and clarifying the depiction of what they do in mockery of faith and the winking of eyes. He said: "And when" and he emphasized with the negation saying: "not." When the aim was the essence of the revelation, not the specification of what was revealed, his saying was built for the passive: "A surah was revealed," meaning a portion of the Qur'an. "Some of them looked" meaning the hypocrites "at each other" in mockery and derision, saying: "Does he see you?" And they emphasized the generality by saying: "from anyone" meaning from the believers if you turn away. For it is difficult for us to hear something like this, and it is difficult for us that the believers should become aware of this secret from us.
And when their turning away from such a position is reprehensible, he indicated the severity of its ugliness with the tool of delay, saying: "Then they turned away," meaning: if no one sees them, and if one of the believers sees them, they would endure the hardship and remain steadfast. And when they were deserving of every evil, he informed about them in the style of supplication by saying: "Allah turned away their hearts," meaning the One who has absolute richness and all perfection "from faith." Then he justified that by saying: "because they are a people" and although they possess strength in what they attempt, they "do not understand," meaning their hearts are molded to lack understanding due to their hardness. This is evidence for the conclusion of the previous verse, and these two verses that conclude with: "they do not understand" are subsequent to the command of jihad in his saying: "Fight those who are near to you of the disbelievers" [At-Tawbah: 123], which parallels: "March forth, light and heavy" [At-Tawbah: 41]. They have contained, along with their permissibility, the result of the characteristics of the hypocrites that follow the verse: "March forth" [At-Tawbah: 41], concluding with what is general among them in the people of the present in his saying: "Those of wealth among them sought permission from you" [At-Tawbah: 86] with: "they understand" [At-Tawbah: 87]. Then when he repeated their mention with: "they do not know" [At-Tawbah: 93], and the alignment of these two verses to the people of the present is evident due to their being among those who frequently witness the revelation of the reminder, with the possibility of their generality. The conclusion here with: "they do not understand" is most appropriate; for the situation - which is the contemplation of the increase of faith in relation to them - necessitates thought and reflection, even if it is in looking at the believers in utmost clarity.
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