And when he clarified the condition of allegiance to the Muslim, he clarified the allegiance to the disbeliever and what is required in debating them and competing with them in it. He stated that there is no condition for it other than absolute disbelief. For although its types differ and its aspects are distant, they are united by the enmity of Allah and the allegiance to Satan. He said: ﴿And those who disbelieved﴾ meaning: they have this description regardless of the state they are in. ﴿Some of them are allies of one another﴾ meaning: in inheritance, support, and other matters. This is a pure report indicating the prohibition of the Muslim from their allegiance. As for what has passed regarding the believers, it is a matter in the form of a report and its wording. It means that in each of the disbelievers there is the power of allegiance to the other against you and the great inclination urging them to hasten in that, even if the enmity of some of them to one another is intense. For you are a party and they are a party, united by the call of Satan by the description of disbelief, just as you are united by the call of the Most Merciful by the description of faith. Abu Hayyan said: Before the mission of the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, the people of the Book among them used to oppose Quraysh and awaited their downfall. After the mission of the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, they became allies of one another, united against the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him.

What is mentioned is well-known in the histories and is famous among the people of narration. "Unless you do it" means: like it in supporting the believers and opposing the disbelievers, as the disbelievers do by cooperating and assisting with their souls and wealth, just as they prepared the wealth of the caravan that you missed until they used it to fight you at Uhud. It is fitting for you to be greater than them in that; because they seek by it to patch up their weak, perishing world, while you are building your everlasting Hereafter. Your caller is a rich ally, and their caller is a lowly enemy. Furthermore, do not descend to the depths of disputing over the spoils. "It will be a trial" means: a great one. "In the land" means: a mixture that diverts the intentions from their paths. "And great corruption" means: that arises from that trial, and the great one refers to the magnitude. It has been read unusually with the triple form, so its greatness then is specified by the types. The explanation of the corruption is that if the believer approaches the disbeliever and the disbeliever approaches the believer, and they support each other, or the believers abandon supporting one another, the system will dissolve, and each will be disrupted in terms of binding and loosing. The words will differ, the hearts will distance, and the sorrows will increase. Therefore, it is obligatory upon you to be like one body and one hand in allegiance and to sever ties with the disbelievers in every regard so that your matter may be established and your life may be good, and the ultimate goal of your goodness in this world and the Hereafter may be rectified. The verse encompasses all that is called allegiance, even in inheritance, fighting the disbelievers, and defending the Muslims with command and denial. When some scholars abandoned assisting a certain group, what Allah, the Exalted, warned of regarding trial and corruption occurred until the matter reached what you see of the dominance of the corrupt and the weakness of the people of religion. The matter of enjoining good among them is in the utmost humiliation and estrangement. The lowest of people responds to him, and he finds no supporter for himself, while that other one finds many helpers for his response. The best of people in condition with the rulers and the one most beloved to them is the one who is content with being blamed for his actions, thinking that this is compassion towards him. And Allah is the one sought for help.