Tafsir for verse: 7:179
وَلَقَدۡ ذَرَأۡنَا لِجَهَنَّمَ كَثِيرٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡجِنِّ وَٱلۡإِنسِۖ لَهُمۡ قُلُوبٞ لَّا يَفۡقَهُونَ بِهَا وَلَهُمۡ أَعۡيُنٞ لَّا يُبۡصِرُونَ بِهَا وَلَهُمۡ ءَاذَانٞ لَّا يَسۡمَعُونَ بِهَآۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ كَٱلۡأَنۡعَٰمِ بَلۡ هُمۡ أَضَلُّۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡغَٰفِلُونَ ١٧٩ ﴿179
179Surely We have created for Hell a lot of people from among Jinn and mankind. They have hearts wherewith they do not understand, eyes wherewith they do not see, and ears wherewith they do not hear. They are like cattle. Rather, they are much more astray. They are the heedless.
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Commentary

And when these stories concluded, it became clear that most of creation is doomed. He stated this, swearing that it is hardly believable that a human could be more misguided than the animals. He means by saying: These are the ones whose news we have recounted to you. We have created them for Hell: "And indeed," by Our might and majesty, "We have created" means: We have created by Our greatness, and We have established, spread, and disseminated "for Hell many" means: and we have compelled them to it, and He did not place a barrier between them and it.

And when they used to glorify the jinn and fear them and be misled by them, He began with them and said: "From the jinn" means: by exalting themselves as deities by misleading humans in beautifying the worship of others than Allah. They are, in reality, the worshipped ones, not the stones and similar things. "And the humans" means: by their worship of one who is not worthy. It is known that the verse is suitable to be connected to the previous sentence, as it is a continuation of what has preceded.

And when it was as if it was said: Why did they accept for themselves the path to Hell? It was said: "For them". And since the context is for reflection, He began with the hearts and said: "Hearts that do not understand by them" means: the understanding that they have been tasked with, which is to contemplate the evidence of monotheism and the proof of prophethood and what branches from that. This is the beneficial understanding; anything other than it is considered non-existence because it did not benefit them with the intended benefit in reality. How excellent is the expression of understanding in the context of establishing the evidence, which includes sending the messengers and revealing the books.

And since sight is broader than hearing; because it benefits the small one who does not understand speech, and likewise everyone in his ruling, He preceded it and said: "And they have eyes". And when beneficial sight in the everlasting Hereafter did not result from them, He negated their sight even if they were among the sharpest of people in sight, saying: "They do not see by them" means: the visible signs with the sight of contemplation and consideration. "And they have ears". And when what benefits them did not result from hearing it, He negated it in a manner similar to what has passed, saying: "They do not hear by them" means: the audible signs and what they indicate by hearing of remembrance and reflection. And when these meanings were taken away from them, the result was: "Those are" means: the far removed from human meanings "like cattle" means: in the absence of understanding. And when they had increased upon that the lack of benefit from hearing and sight, He said: "Rather, they are more astray" because they are either obstinate or ignorant of what harms them and benefits them. The cattle flee when they hear an unfamiliar sound, for they see with their eyes that it results in harm to them, and they await what benefits them from water and pasture, so they head towards it. The cattle have no ability to comprehend what results from these faculties of understanding. And these, despite their ability to do so, neglected it, so they descended from its rank a degree, just as one who seeks perfection and strives for it while contending with desires rises above the rank of the angels due to what he endures from striving.

And when they shared the livestock with this in heedlessness and increased upon it, this certainly resulted in a conclusion based on restriction: ﴿Those are﴾ meaning: the distant, the hated ﴿they are﴾ specifically ﴿the heedless﴾ not the livestock. For indeed, although they are heedless of what is intended for them, they are not eternal in punishment. They do not share with them in blindness and deafness to what benefits them, nor in heedlessness of the everlasting loss. The verse indicates the preference of man over the angel as required by the Surah of the Olive; for he has been made in his creation a middle ground between the angel, who is pure intellect, and the animal, which is mere desire. If he overcomes his intellect, he is higher due to what he has dealt with in striving against desires, thus he is in: ﴿the best of stature﴾ [Al-Tin: 4]. And if his desire overcomes him, he is lower than the animal due to what he has wasted of his intellect, thus he is ﴿the lowest of the low﴾ [Al-Tin: 5].

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