Commentary
And when there was nothing left after the entreaty except the warning of the contrary, he said, threatening the disbelievers with a punishment other than the punishment of Hell. He denied their security after establishing the proof that sovereignty is in His hand and that He is capable of what He wills through the means of His soldiers and without any means. He affirmed, after establishing the need of man and his inability, that there is no refuge for him nor any protector against the punishment of Allah. He is in constant need, which is inherent to the small ones: "Do you feel secure?" That is, O you disbelievers, and he addressed them with what they believed, even though he carried it to the rank and the first heaven with exaltation or made it a metaphor for the action. For it is customary that whoever is in something is acting in it, which is correct without any interpretation. He said: "Who is in the heaven?" That is, according to your claim, the exalted one is overpowering you, or the meaning is: from the angels, the strong and severe ones, whom He has assigned to the interests of the servants, or the meaning is: in the utmost exaltation in rank, or that this is a reference to the fact that in the heaven is His greatest matter, for it raises to it the deeds of His servants, and it is the descent of revelation and the abode of the rain and the place of holiness, sovereignty, and grandeur, and the direction of the Throne and the source of the purified and the closest angels whom Allah has appointed in directing His commands and prohibitions. And what called for such an acceptable interpretation that flows on the tongue of the Arabs is the establishment of the decisive proof that He, glorified and exalted is He, is not confined to a direction, for He is encompassing and cannot be encompassed, for that can only be for one who is in need. Then He replaced "from" with a replacement of inclusion and said: "that".
And when His ability to do what He wills is without intermediary, just as His ability with the intermediary is, and His ability when the intermediary is plural is like His ability when it is singular, for the doer in every estimation of reality is none other than Him. And the limit by what the word "from" entails is a reference to this meaning, whether "from" refers to Him, glorified is He, or His angels, or one of them. He said: "He causes to sink"; that is, do you feel secure from His sinking? It is permissible that "from" refers to Allah, glorified and exalted is He, as previously mentioned in addressing them according to their claim and their assumption that He is in the heaven, and obligating them that just as He has power over rain and growth and other actions on earth, He is capable of other than that: "with you the earth" as He caused to sink Qarun and others.
And when that which is caused to sink from the earth becomes like one falling in the air, and the one falling in the air becomes agitated, this caused His saying: "So when it is"; that is, the earth in which you are "moved"; that is, it strikes and it is falling with you and running down in the air and tilting wherever He wills, glorified is He. It was said in the dictionary: the movement is the agitation and the flow on the surface of the earth and the movement.
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