Commentary
And when the admonition and consolation were completed, and the healing of souls through reassurance was done, the description of the disbelievers being expelled from their homes could be understood as being by force, which would be general. It could also be understood as being by action, which would specifically apply to the people of Mecca or those who directly caused the harm that led to their expulsion from them. This was clarified by his saying, indicating the moderation in enmity and friendship, as he said, blessings and peace be upon him: "Love your beloved moderately, perhaps he will be your enemy one day. And hate your enemy moderately, perhaps he will be your beloved one day." Allah does not forbid you, meaning He who is characterized by majesty and honor, from those who did not fight you, meaning by action, in religion, meaning in a way that you are not wronged by them; nothing of their conditions is outside of it. Thus, he excluded that fighting due to a worldly right that has no connection to religion, and he excluded those who did not fight at all, like Khuzā'ah and women. Among them are the people of dhimmah, and indeed, being good to them is among the virtues of morals and high qualities, as they are neighbors.
And when those who did not fight were perhaps those who aided in the expulsion, he said: "And they did not expel you" and he restricted it by saying: "from your homes." And when He had expanded for them, glorified is He, by generalizing the removal of the prohibition, He specified by saying, replacing "religion": "that" meaning He does not forbid you from "being good to them" in a type of apparent goodness, for that is not explicit in the intention of friendship. "And be just" meaning you should establish justice, which is in the utmost balance, by removing the injustice that is oppression. And He clarified that the meaning is: connecting to that justice "to them," indicating that the act of being just is within the connection, and that this does not harm them even if they are distanced from you in what you are permitted in it. For that is among kindness, and Allah loves kindness in all matters and grants it what He does not grant to harshness. Then He justified that by saying, confirming to dispel the thought of those who see harm to the disbelievers by every means,
"Indeed, Allah," meaning He who has all perfection, "loves," meaning He acts with the action of one who loves, "the just," meaning those who remove oppression and establish justice.
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