Commentary
And when He - glorified and exalted is He - commanded them to walk, He asked them if they see anything in their walking, their circling, their roaming, and their seeking that is for other than Allah? This was a reminder for them of what He had mercy upon them with from that, in creating it for them first and facilitating its benefits and repelling its harms second, as a way to draw them to turn towards Him and to turn away from submission to what is like them or less than them, which is His dominion - glorified and exalted is He - and in His grasp, and it is ugly for them to consume His goodness and worship others. So He said, confirming to them the existence of the Creator, prophethood, and resurrection, and reproaching them for their foolishness and great ignorance and blindness: "Say, to whom" and He pointed out by placing the object before the concern for the object of worship: "what is in the heavens and the earth."
And when they were in a state of obstinacy, as they did not hasten to submit after the evidence had arisen and every excuse had been removed - He indicated this by saying, turning away from waiting for their response, reproaching them for the lack of the fairness they claim: "Say, Allah" meaning: the One who has complete encompassing power and knowledge and there is none equal to Him, not to others. And although they were obstinate, they could not refute your words, especially since a person's response to what he was asked about is best when he himself engages with it if he has reached a point of clarity that no denier can deny, and here it is the same because the signs of occurrence and possibility are evident on the pages of existence. Thus, acknowledging it is necessary, with no disagreement in it.
And when most of what is in this universe is benefits, while they are good, delightful, pure, and appetizing, and what is in it of harms is hidden and prevented from them, their access to it is rare except by their own causing, all of this, with that, are evident signs of His oneness, the completeness of His knowledge, and His power. This was worthy of amazement due to the abundance of this kindness, while they are upon sin and transgression, and the delay of punishment from them despite their obstinacy and tyranny. He said, indicating that His mercy has preceded His anger, resuming: "He has decreed" meaning: He promised a promise that is like a written decree, and He emphasized it to the utmost degree, or He decreed where He intended - glorified is He.
And when the soul is expressed as the essence as it is, He said: "upon Himself is mercy" meaning: for this reason, He honored you with this honor through various forms of grace, and He delayed from you the retribution by complete destruction. And if He willed, He could have inflicted upon you harms and made your living without the delightful things, like dirt and some filth with which some animals live.
And when that was a desire for the oppressive, arrogant one, and a perplexing, regretful wonder for the oppressed, broken one - he said, warning, welcoming, and giving glad tidings, turning to the position of address because it is more eloquent and clearer regarding the intended meaning, indicating the resurrection by what has passed from the proof that the worlds belong to Allah; for everything in them is described by attributes that can be attributed to their opposites. Thus, the specification of each body by its specific attribute is only by the specification of the chosen doer, who is capable of bringing it back; for the first composition was only because its maker is capable of all possible things due to His knowledge of all information. And the attribution of that cannot be separated from Him; for He is a sovereign, obeyed, commanding, forbidding, sending those who convey His commands and prohibitions to manifest the fruits of sovereignty from reward and punishment on the Day of Gathering: "He will surely gather you" meaning: by Allah, gathered piece by piece "to the Day of Resurrection" for justice among all the servants, being "without doubt in it" meaning: in some way. And that gathering is for the specification of mercy on that day for His allies, and wrath and vengeance against His enemies, after both groups had been encompassed by mercy in the worldly life, and He made mercy more apparent in the case of the enemies. [And with this gathering, mercy was completed for many of the creation; without it, control would have been lifted and confusion would have increased as it was in the days of ignorance.]
And when that was the case in the absence of doubt due to Allah's informing of it on the tongues of His messengers and due to the evidence for what is in this creation from marvelous wisdom, along with the majority of the actions of animals being outside of justice, it became known to every person of awareness that resurrection is the place of wisdom for manifesting the adornment with the highest attributes for all creation: the wretched and the happy, the near and the far - it was as if it was said: So why do we see most people disbelieving in it? He said - in response -: "Those who have lost themselves" meaning: by destroying themselves through their denial of it, due to opposing the original nature which guides the mute, and the covering of sound reason. "So they" meaning: because of their loss of themselves by neglecting reason and exercising the senses and adhering to imitation, "do not believe" so they became like one who throws himself from a height to die for a corrupt purpose, not because of any obscurity in the matter of resurrection or confusion regarding the occurrence of our Lord. And the meaning became: Indeed, those who do not believe on this day are the ones decreed to be in loss on that day.
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