Tafsir for verse: 6:111
۞ وَلَوۡ أَنَّنَا نَزَّلۡنَآ إِلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةَ وَكَلَّمَهُمُ ٱلۡمَوۡتَىٰ وَحَشَرۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ كُلَّ شَيۡءٖ قُبُلٗا مَّا كَانُواْ لِيُؤۡمِنُوٓاْ إِلَّآ أَن يَشَآءَ ٱللَّهُ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكۡثَرَهُمۡ يَجۡهَلُونَ ١١١ ﴿111
111If We had sent down to them the angels, and the dead had spoken to them, and (even if) We had gathered everything before them face to face, still, they were not to believe, unless Allah would have so willed. But, most of them adopt the way of ignorance.
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Commentary

And when he informed that they do not believe at a proposed sign, he generalized in a detailed manner for the summary of what preceded it. He said: (p-231) ﴿And if We﴾ meaning: based on our immense greatness as indicated by the gathering of the nuns, ﴿were to send down﴾ meaning: in a manner befitting our greatness, ﴿to them the angels﴾ meaning: all of them, and they saw them with their own eyes, ﴿and the dead spoke to them﴾ meaning: likewise, ﴿and We gathered upon them﴾ meaning: [by what] we have of greatness, ﴿everything in front﴾ a gathering of a tribe, a gathering of a clan [in the reading of those who joined the qaf and the ba like ragheef and raghif], meaning: that which was gathered came to them all as a tribe [as a tribe] in succession and face-to-face. ﴿They would not believe﴾ meaning: in any state of affairs ﴿except that Allah wills﴾ meaning: except in the state of His will for their faith, for He is the Most High King, with whom no command belongs to anyone else. Therefore, there is no consideration except by His will. So the verse is decisive for the people of predestination, and there is no entrance for a verse or anything else in that. So let no one hope for their faith without that. And it is near to me - even if the distance is great - that ﴿And they swore﴾ [Al-An'am: 109] is connected to His saying: ﴿And they said, 'Why has a sign not been sent down to him from his Lord?'﴾ [Al-An'am: 37]. And this is from what is customary in the speech of the eloquent, that a person recounts a sentence from the words of his opponent, then begins to undermine it, and moves on to matters - which the context draws - of many types, very lengthy. Then he recounts another sentence and says, admiring it: And he said such and such, then he begins in what relates to that from criticism and response. And what supports this is the unity of their conclusion. So the conclusion of the first is ﴿But most of them do not know﴾ [Al-An'am: 37] and the conclusion of this is ﴿But most of them are ignorant﴾ meaning: the people of ignorance (p-232) who are imprinted in it, they swear by faith when a proposed sign comes to them and do not realize that the barrier preventing them from faith is nothing but the will, otherwise they would have believed in what came to them from the signs. For it is sufficient in hastening to faith, and all the signs are equal in their indication of the truthfulness of the caller by breaking the norm and the inability to bring forth something like it.

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