And when the evidence became clear, there remained no excuse for anyone. Its light spread until it filled the universes, and it rose to a height that diminished below it the celestial sphere. In what has preceded, there was an explanation of the condition of this world and a clarification of its reality. It is that when a human being is left to himself, he commits what is unbecoming of pride and similar things, and he neglects what is intended for him of that which he is called to of good, out of ignorance and submission to his nature. The conclusion of the previous verse may have implied partnership. Allah, the Most High, said, negating that in response to those who expected the news of all the prophets: 'They were given from the clarity that removed the confusion.' This confirms the removal of the excuse by establishing the proofs through sending the messengers with the present miracles and the enduring books. It informs that whoever turns away is compelled to turn back by the sword. For the Wise, the Great, His greatness and wisdom refuse to leave the one who turns away without a clear proof that would return him from what he is in, and a compulsion that would suffice him from what would overwhelm him: 'Indeed, We have sent' means with what We have of greatness 'Our messengers' meaning those who have the utmost honor due to their connection with the angels to the prophets, upon all of them blessings and peace, and from the prophets to the nations 'with clear signs' meaning those that necessitate turning towards them in the present, as there is no confusion in them at all. This indicates the greatness of His prophets, upon them be blessings and peace, that they, due to the elevation of their ranks by being sent, came to the servants from a very high place and said: 'And We sent down' with Our greatness, which there is nothing higher than it 'with them the Book' meaning the one that preserves in the time of reception in the rulings and laws.

And when understanding the Book may sometimes be difficult, it requires a sharp mind, long thought, great patience, and much knowledge. Al-Razi said: 'And by this it is said: If it were not for the Book, the intellect would be confused, and if it were not for the intellect, one would not benefit from the Book.' He followed this by saying that both the great and the small, the ignorant and the learned, share in its knowledge. It is the closest of things to the Book in knowledge by matching reality with what is intended. He said: 'And the scale' meaning justice and wisdom. Perhaps it is everything that is determined by it, whether in a physical or a meaningful sense. His follow-up with it indicates that its lack of deviation is due to a lack of inclination or the like. So whoever judges by the Book, free from personal inclination, reaches the intended goal 'so that the people may stand' meaning those among them who have the capacity to move towards the higher matters, all of them 'with justice' meaning the justice that there is no more beyond it for the organization of all their affairs. This is for whoever submits to the clear signs, whether for the sake of the one who established them or for the desire for them in his presence.

And when the turning away after the conveying of the clarification necessitates a rejection of corruption by means of various forms of jihad, He said, threatening and expressing gratitude as an encouragement and a warning, expressing the creation by the descent as an honor and magnification: ﴿And We sent down﴾ meaning We created a great creation by that which We have of power. ﴿Iron﴾ meaning the well-known in a manner of strength and hardness, and softness and sharpness for accepting influence is considered by it like what is evident in the earth. Therefore, its creation was called descent, and because the commands for creation and annihilation are sent down from the heavens by the hands of the angels, for the heavens are the place of great events, innovations, and secrets. This is because the water, which is its origin and the origin of every growing thing, descends from the heavens, and the earth is like the womb for the sperm.

And when the longing occurred for the reason for its descent, He said: ﴿In it is great strength﴾ meaning power and severity and punishment ﴿severe﴾ for what is in it of the hardness suitable for penetration and sharpness ﴿and benefits for the people﴾ by what is worked from it for their facilities and aids so that their conditions may be established by that. Al-Baydawi said: There is no craft except that iron is its tool. And when the decree was: so that Allah may know who disobeys Him and forsakes His allies, by placing His strength in other than what He commanded for the support of His devil and his desires and his temptation, He added to it His saying: ﴿And so that Allah may know﴾ meaning He who has all greatness, knowledge of testimony for the purpose of establishing the proof by that which is suitable for the minds of creation, so that the reward is for the action, not for the knowledge. And He placed the pronoun of the religion upon Him, glorified and exalted is He, as a magnification for Him, for He is its legislator. So He said: ﴿Whoever supports Him﴾ meaning he comes earnestly to continue supporting his religion ﴿and His messengers﴾ by defending them and calling to them, that support being ﴿in the unseen﴾ from the promise and the warning, meaning because of the belief of the supporter in what is hidden from that, or absent from all that necessitated for him the support. It has been narrated from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with both of them, that he said: They support Him while they do not see Him - this has ended. So He did not leave, glorified is He, in this verse for anyone an excuse regarding the messengers who are of the same kind, with His support for them by what removes from them the confusion, and the high book from the words of creation, and the intellect that knows justice, and the weapon that repels the people of ignorance, as he, blessings and peace be upon him, said: "I was sent before the Hour with the sword." So the clarification of the laws is by the book, and the establishment of the doors of justice is by the scale, and the execution of these meanings is by the sword. For the interests of religion cannot be maintained without the authority of the Sultan. The king and the religion are twins; the religion without a king is lost, and the king without religion is false. The Sultan is the shadow of Allah on earth. The outward meanings of the book are for the common people, and the weight of its knowledge for the people of realities is by the scale. And whoever goes out from the two groups, for him is the iron, which is the sword, for the disturbance of the religion is from it - this was pointed out by Al-Razi.

And when the seeking of support is a cause for the assumption of weakness, he said, negating that and affirming decisively to cut off the obstinacy of the obstinate, manifesting the Greatest Name, indicating that the One who possesses all attributes of perfection cannot be touched by need: ﴿Indeed, Allah﴾ meaning the One who has all greatness. And since there was no need here for more than this affirmation, unlike what was indicated by the expulsion from the mentioned lands in Hajj and similar matters, he said, informing that He is free of all things, stripping the news of the lam: ﴿Strong﴾ meaning He is capable of destroying all His enemies and supporting those who assist Him from His allies. ﴿Mighty﴾ meaning He is not in need of anyone's support. Rather, He called His servants to support His religion to establish the proof against them, so He may have mercy on whom He wills by obeying the commanded, and punish whom He wills by committing the prohibited, by establishing this abode upon the wisdom of linking causes with effects.