Tafsir for verse: 55:5
ٱلشَّمۡسُ وَٱلۡقَمَرُ بِحُسۡبَانٖ ٥ ﴿5
5The sun and the moon are (bound) by a (fixed) calculation.
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Commentary

And when He, glorified and exalted is He, clarified the blessing in teaching the Qur'an, which is the life of souls, and clarified the path therein, He indicated the explanation by mentioning the clear signs that one matter gathers and another separates. They have an entry in the life of bodies. He enumerated them as a means of gratitude, stating that they are among the greatest blessings. He said in response to the one who asked: What is its explanation? Beginning with the greatest star, which is the greatest in light, the largest in mass, and the most beneficial, so that its subjugation is a clear indication of the subjugation of others, as a statement of His wisdom in His management and His power in His decree: "The sun" is the sign of the day, and "the moon" is the sign of the night, which were the basis of the Abrahamic explanation. Perhaps He began for this nation with the utmost of His explanation, blessings and peace be upon him, honoring it by pointing to the elevation of its understanding. "By calculation" means their movement. Each of them moves—while they share the fact that they are two celestial bodies—by a very great calculation that is hardly describable in its precision, vastness, and the greatness of the benefits that branch from it, both religious and worldly. From the greatness of this calculation, which the form of the active participle indicates, is that it follows a single path that does not deviate from it. By it, the years, months, days, hours, minutes, and seasons are known in specific locations. The position of each of them in the higher horizons is known, along with what happens to it and what is affected by it in the lower realms, such that by it the majority of worldly matters are organized, among other matters that Allah created them for. Between man and each of them are distances that only the All-Knowing, the Expert, knows in detail. This, despite the long days and ages, does not diminish in the slightest the indication that its Creator is the Sustainer who does not overlook. Then after this, this new calculation and the greatest calculation that has been determined for the folding of the sun and the decline of the moon is an indication that He acts by choice, along with what that indicates of the alternation of the two colors, sometimes with moderation, sometimes with increase, and at other times with decrease, and other matters in the subtleties of destiny.

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