Commentary
And when He mentioned, glorified and exalted is He, these two kinds, one of which is apparent and the other is hidden, it was a guidance to reflect on what is in them of evidence for the perfection of His power. They were both in need of what they are in from the place, and their rectification is what glorified and exalted is He planned for them from the places of the rising, which is the cause of light and appearance, and the setting, which is the source of darkness and concealment. He followed this with His saying, alerting to the observation of His wondrous creation that indicates His oneness: "The Lord of the two east and the Lord of the two west." That is, He is the Creator and Manager of the two east and He arranges them in a manner that none other than Him can accomplish. And the two west likewise. These east and west are what pertains to winter from the southern low constellations, which are the cause of rain and snow, which are the cause of life and appearance, while the sun is descending in the horizons of the sky. And what pertains to summer from the high constellations in the northern direction, which are the cause of withering and setting while the sun is ascending in the sky. And what is between them is the spring, which is for growth, and the autumn, which is for withering. They are a sign of creation and annihilation. The first of the east is summer at the time of the equinox of night and day when the sun enters the first of the northern constellations, which is Aries. The time then becomes equal with its southern parts and its northern reception. Then the last of its east is when the sun is in the last of the northern and the first of the southern when it enters at the head of Libra; the time becomes equal again for its reception of the southern constellations. Then when it enters at the last of the arc and the head of Capricorn, the end will be in the shortness of days and the length of nights due to its being in the midst of the southern constellations. Then when it enters likewise upon its exit from the constellation of Gemini to Cancer from the northern constellations, which is the last degrees of the sun, the days will be long and the nights short. The heat and cold will differ in these two seasons. The position of the sun in the first of the constellation of Aries is like its rising from the east at the beginning of every day. Its being in the second equinox when it receives the southern constellations at the head of Libra is like its setting. Then its being in the two endings in the length of days when it enters the constellation of Cancer is like its being at the zenith in summer in the zenith of the sky. Just as its entering at the head of Capricorn at the end of winter in the shortness of days and the length of nights is like its being at the zenith in winter in the zenith of the sky during the day. Ibn Burjan mentioned this and then said: Glorified and exalted is He has subjected Hell to His servants - that is, through the sun - and it is their fiercest enemy. He brought forth for them through it crops, olives, pomegranates, date palms, grapes, and the gardens both trellised and untrellised, and from all fruits.
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