Commentary
And when his swearing by the heavens and what preceded it from the winds indicated what he has in the higher realms of signs, until he concluded with the wealth that the earth brings forth, the estimation was: So in the heavens are signs for the believers that indicate His greatness and His right to be worshipped with utmost submission, both out of desire and fear. He then added his saying: 'And in the earth' as well, which also contains much diversity in the various minerals that differ while having a common origin, and in plants, animals, inanimate objects, land, sea, and other secrets that indicate the chosen doer. 'Signs' means: great indications that, despite their clarity after reflection, are hidden. 'For the certain ones' who have certainty as a fixed instinct, thus they are able to perceive what is in it along with the circumstances that accompany them, which occupy them and prevent them from seeing most of the causes of what is in it from the signs. This leads them to certainty in what the messengers alerted them to, regarding what reason can independently ascertain about resurrection and other matters. Al-Qushayri said: Among the signs in it is that it carries everything. Likewise, the knower carries everyone, and whoever finds it burdensome to see someone or is displeased by seeing someone, it is due to their absence from the truth and their observation of creation with the eye of differentiation. The people of truths do not possess this characteristic. Among the signs in it is that all filth and refuse are cast upon it, yet it brings forth every flower and blossom. Likewise, the knower absorbs whatever he encounters of harshness and does not reflect except with every noble character and pure trait.
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