Tafsir for verse: 51:18
وَبِٱلۡأَسۡحَارِ هُمۡ يَسۡتَغۡفِرُونَ ١٨ ﴿18
18and in the hours before dawn they used to pray for forgiveness,
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Commentary

And when the doer of good does not see himself except as deficient, he indicates this and that their night prayer connects with the last part of the night, confirming with the chain of narration twice as well: ﴿and in the last hours of the night﴾. Ibn Zayd said: the last part of the night is the last sixth of the night.

﴿They﴾ means: always with their outward actions and their inward states ﴿seek forgiveness﴾, meaning: they consider themselves sinful along with this striving and ask for forgiveness for their sins due to their abundant knowledge of Allah, and that they cannot truly estimate Him as He deserves, even if they strive, according to the saying of the master of creation: "I cannot enumerate Your praise." And the emphasis on the pronoun indicates that if others were to do this for one night, they would be impressed with themselves and see that no one is better than them. And that their seeking forgiveness in abundance implies that they should be in a state where it is thought that they are more deserving of humility than those who persist in sins; for their seeking forgiveness is with insight, because they have observed what glorified and exalted is He has in the horizons and in themselves of signs and profound wisdom that cannot be counted, so they know that He is worthy of being obeyed and feared, thus they strive and leave sleep, and shed tears, then they respond to that with His blessings. So if the deeds are in a state of utmost deficiency, they turn to seeking forgiveness, knowing that it is impossible to estimate Him as He truly deserves.

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