Tafsir for verse: 50:13
وَعَادٞ وَفِرۡعَوۡنُ وَإِخۡوَٰنُ لُوطٖ ١٣ ﴿13
13and ‘Ād, and Fir’aun (Pharaoh), and the brothers of LūT,
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Commentary

And when the people of Hud, peace be upon him, and the Egyptians agreed on destruction by the wind that was affected by the cry of Thamud, those with stones and sand, and these with the water that Allah separated by the wind at the striking of the staffs. Each of them had a well-known greatness of kingdom and dignity of authority, as the destruction of them was the clearest evidence of power and closest resemblance to the destruction of Thamud. So he said: ﴿And 'Aad﴾ and he referred to it as being the closest of the two groups in resemblance to the destruction of the people of Noah and the companions of the ditch. He said: ﴿And Pharaoh﴾, he specified it; because there is no disbeliever in this matter of drowning other than him, and the specification of it implies others. What has preceded in other than this surah more than once describes him as a conquering king and that he belittled them, so they obeyed him, and their disbelief is known as obedience to him, and that it agrees with what came before and after it. And when the context was for honor and conflict, there was no call to affirm the one with the stakes. And when the destruction of the overturned cities was combined in resemblance to the destruction of all those who preceded by sinking and the overwhelming of water after being turned in the air, he followed them with it, expressing them in a shorter way than naming their tribes or cities, as they are a number of cities. He expressed with brotherhood without mentioning the people; because the context is for denying those who are among them; because it is more inclusive in consolation. He said: ﴿And the brothers of Lot﴾, meaning: his in-laws who united between them and him with the kinship by supporting their kings and their subjects against those who opposed them, by himself and his uncle Ibrahim, peace be upon them, as has been explained in Al-Baqarah, what became like brotherhood. And with that, they dealt with him with what was derived from the term of this group from the crime against him and themselves and others.

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