Commentary
And when these verses were all - along with what is in them of secrets - also contradictory to what they claimed of sonship; by what they committed of sins such as distorting the words of Allah; and listening to lies; and consuming unlawful things; and turning away from the rulings of the Torah; and judging by other than the judgment of Allah; it was followed by what was brought by 'Isa - blessings and peace be upon him -; which the Christians claimed to be true prophethood; and partnership in divinity; and he came confirming the Torah in bearing witness against those who opposed it from the Jews; by disavowing Allah; affirming what is in it of monotheism; which is the foundation of religion; and its greatest signs; which they were taken to task for by it; and placed in the Ark of testimony; which they used to present before them in wars; so if they remained on what is in it of the covenant, they were supported; and if not, they were forsaken; and abrogating their law; as a recompense for them of the same kind as what they used to do of distortion; and a witness against those who praised him with misguidance; so he said: ﴿And We followed﴾; to its end; and likewise all that comes after it from their verses; to the end of the surah; there is no verse among them that does not address the refutation of their claims by mentioning a sin; or mentioning a punishment for it; or mentioning a denial of them from their book; or their prophet; and the meaning is: We found the following; which is the following of something by something that precedes it; so it would be coming after it; due to being behind it; and casting it in a manifestation of greatness to exalt the status of 'Isa - blessings and peace be upon him - ﴿upon their traces﴾; meaning: the prophets who judge by the Torah; and the mention of the trace indicates that they had abandoned their religion; nothing remained of it except a faint outline; ﴿by 'Isa﴾; and attributing him to his mother; indicating that he has no father; denying the Jews; and that he is a servant raised; denying the Christians; so he said: ﴿the son of Mary, confirming﴾; meaning: 'Isa - blessings and peace be upon him -; in the fundamentals; and many of the branches; ﴿for what is before him﴾; meaning: of what was brought by Musa - blessings and peace be upon him - before him; ﴿from the Torah﴾; and he indicated that he is abrogating many of its rulings; by his saying: ﴿And We gave him the Gospel﴾; meaning: We revealed it to him by Our greatness; just as We revealed the Torah to Musa - blessings and peace be upon him.
And when there was in the Gospel the definitive that everyone understands; and the ambiguous that only individuals among the chosen servants understand; and no one stops after understanding it at its limits except the pious; he said - clarifying his state -: ﴿In it﴾; meaning: We gave it to him by Our wisdom; and Our greatness; being (p-160) in it; ﴿a guidance﴾; meaning: it is the definitive; by which everyone who hears it is guided; to a straight path; ﴿and a light﴾; meaning: good clarity; revealing the problems; leaving no ambiguity on that path.
And when the abrogator of a thing by changing its ruling may be a disbeliever in it; he made it known that this is not the case; rather, he, along with the abrogation of the Torah, affirms it. So he said - that is, clarifying the state of the Gospel; in connection to the place of 'in it is guidance': ﴿and affirming﴾; that is, the Gospel; in its entirety; ﴿for what is before it﴾; and when what was revealed before it was much; he specified the intended meaning by his saying: ﴿from the Torah﴾; the first is a description of Jesus - blessings and peace be upon him -; and the second is a description of his book; meaning that he, the Torah, and the Gospel are in agreement; each of the two books affirms the other; and he affirms both of them; they do not differ in anything; rather, he embodies all that was brought by them.
And when the pious are the essence of creation; they are those who convey everything in the Books of Allah; from the clear verses and the ambiguous ones; in accordance with what is established by it that it is guidance; and by which the ambiguous and the clear correspond; and it has been clarified that therein is guidance that makes it easy to return the ambiguous to it; so after all the clarification, it became guidance; He said - generalizing after that specification -: ﴿And guidance and a reminder for the pious﴾; meaning: everything in it by which they are guided; and they take admonition; so their hearts soften; and they reflect upon it; and they transition, progressing from a high state; to a state higher than it. (p-161) Mention of some of what indicates that from the Gospel which is among the Christians now; and I have mixed in it the words of some of the Gospels with each other; and the majority of the context is from Matthew; and I have specified some of what contradicts it; Luke said: And a group came to Him and informed Him of the news of the Galileans whose blood Pilate had mixed with their sacrifices; so Jesus answered and said to them: Do not think that those Galileans were worse sinners than all the Galileans because these sufferings befell them; I tell you, unless you repent, you will all likewise perish; and those eighteen upon whom the tower fell in Siloam; and killed them, do you think that they were worse offenders than all the inhabitants of Jerusalem? No, I tell you; unless you repent, you will all perish; and He said to them: A fig tree was planted by one in his vineyard; he came seeking fruit on it and found none; so he said to the vine-dresser: Behold, these three years I have come seeking fruit on this tree and find none; cut it down so that it does not waste the ground; but he said: O Lord, let it alone this year also, until I dig around it and fertilize it; perhaps it will bear fruit next year; but if not, then cut it down; Matthew said: And when He came down from the mountain, a great crowd followed Him; and behold, a leper came and worshiped Him; saying: Lord, if You will, You can make me clean; and He stretched out His hand and touched him; saying: I will; be clean; and immediately his leprosy was cleansed; and Jesus said to him: See that you say nothing to anyone; but go, show yourself to the priest; and offer the gift that Moses commanded; for a testimony to them - and Mark said: for their testimony - Luke said: And the word about Him spread; and a great crowd gathered to hear Him; and to be healed of their infirmities; but He would withdraw to desolate places and pray; and Matthew said: And when He entered Capernaum, a centurion came to Him, appealing to Him; saying: Lord, my servant is lying paralyzed at home, suffering terribly; and He said to him: I will come and heal him; but the centurion replied: Lord, I am not worthy to have You come under my roof; but only say the word, and my servant will be healed; for I too am a man under authority, with soldiers under me; and I say to one: Go, and he goes; and to another: Come, and he comes; and to my servant: Do this, and he does it; when Jesus heard this, he marveled; and said to those who followed Him: Truly, I tell you, with no one in Israel have I found such faith; I tell you, many will come from east and west and recline at table with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven; while the sons of the kingdom will be thrown into the outer darkness; in that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth; and Jesus said to the centurion: Go; let it be done for you as you have believed; and the servant was healed at that very moment; and Luke said: And when He had finished all His sayings in the hearing of the people, He entered Capernaum; and a servant of a centurion was sick and at the point of death, who was highly valued by him; when the centurion heard about Jesus, he sent to Him elders of the Jews, asking Him to come and heal his servant; and when they came to Jesus, they pleaded with Him earnestly, saying: He is worthy to have you do this for him, for he loves our nation, and he is the one who built us our synagogue; and Jesus went with them; and when He was not far from the house, the centurion sent friends, saying to Him: Lord, do not trouble yourself, for I am not worthy to have you come under my roof; therefore I did not presume to come to you. But say the word, and let my servant be healed; for I too am a man set under authority, with soldiers under me; and I say to one: Go, and he goes; and to another: Come, and he comes; and to my servant: Do this, and he does it; when Jesus heard these things, He marveled at him; and turning to the crowd that followed Him, He said: I tell you, I have not found such faith even in Israel; and when those who had been sent returned to the house, they found the servant well. And the next day, Jesus went to a city called Nain, and His disciples and a great crowd went with Him; as He drew near to the gate of the city, behold, a man who had died was being carried out, the only son of his mother, and she was a widow; and a considerable crowd from the city was with her; and when the Lord saw her, He had compassion on her; and said to her: Do not weep; and He came up and touched the bier, and the bearers stood still. And He said: Young man, I say to you, arise; and the dead man sat up and began to speak; and Jesus gave him to his mother; fear seized them all, and they glorified God, saying: A great prophet has arisen among us! and God has visited His people! And this report about Him spread through the whole of Judea and all the surrounding country.
He said: And Jesus came to the house of Peter and looked at his mother-in-law lying down with a fever; and Mark said: And he came to the house of Simon and Andrew; with Jacob; and John; and he saw the mother-in-law of Simon in a severe fever; and they told him about her; so he came and took her by the hand and raised her up; and Matthew said: And he touched her hand and the fever left her; and she began to serve them; and Luke said: And immediately she rose up to serve them; and when evening came - Mark said: At sunset - they brought to him many who were possessed; Mark said: And all the people of the city stood at the door; and he healed many who had various diseases; and he cast out many demons; and Matthew said: And he was casting out spirits with a word; and he healed every sick person; so that what was said by the prophet Isaiah might be fulfilled, who said: He took our infirmities and bore our sicknesses; and very early in the morning he went out and departed to a solitary place to pray there; and Simon and those with him searched for him; and when they found him they said to him: Everyone is looking for you; and he said to them: Let us go to the neighboring towns so that I may preach there; for this is why I came; and he went preaching in their synagogues throughout all Galilee; and casting out demons; and Luke said: And the next day he went out; and went to a deserted place; and the crowd sought him; and they came to him and held him back so that he would not depart from them; and he said to them: It is necessary for me to preach in the other cities also the kingdom of God; for this is why I was sent; and he was preaching in the synagogues of Galilee; and it happened that when a crowd gathered to hear the word of God, he was standing by the lake of Gennesaret; and he saw two boats standing by the lake; but the fishermen had gone out of them and were washing their nets; and he got into one of the boats, which belonged to Simon; and asked him to put out a little from the land; and he sat down and taught the crowd from the boat; and when he had finished speaking, he said to Simon: Launch out into the deep and let down your nets for a catch; but Simon answered and said to him: Master, we have toiled all night and caught nothing; nevertheless, at your word I will let down the net; and when they had done this, they caught a great number of fish, and their net was breaking; so they signaled to their partners in the other boat to come and help them; and they came and filled both the boats, so that they began to sink; when Simon Peter saw it, he fell down at Jesus' knees, saying: Depart from me, for I am a sinful man, O Lord; for he and all who were with him were astonished at the catch of fish which they had taken; and so also were James and John, the sons of Zebedee, who were partners with Simon; and Jesus said to Simon: Do not be afraid; from now on you will catch men; so when they had brought their boats to land, they forsook all and followed him; and Matthew said: And when Jesus saw the crowd around him, he gave orders to depart to the other side; and a scribe came and said to him: Teacher, I will follow you wherever you go; and Jesus said to him: Foxes have holes and birds of the air have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay his head; and Luke said: And he said to another: Follow me; but he said: Lord, let me first go and bury my father; but Jesus said to him: Follow me, and let the dead bury their own dead; and another also said: Lord, I will follow you, but let me first go and bid them farewell who are at my house; but Jesus said to him: No one, having put his hand to the plow, and looking back, is fit for the kingdom of God; and Matthew said: And when he got into the boat, his disciples followed him - and Luke said: He got into the boat with his disciples; and he said to them: Let us go across to the other side of the lake; and they sailed; and as they sailed, he fell asleep; and a windstorm came down on the lake, and they were filling with water, and were in jeopardy; and they came to him and awoke him, saying: Master, Master, we are perishing; and he arose and rebuked the wind and the raging of the water; and they ceased, and there was a calm; then Matthew said: And when he got into the boat, and went to the other side; and entered his own city; a man who was paralyzed was brought to him, lying on a bed - and in the Gospel of Mark and Luke: They wanted to bring him in and lay him before him, but could not find a way to bring him in because of the crowd; so they went up on the housetop and let him down with his bed through the tiling into the midst before Jesus - then he said to the paralyzed man: Arise, take up your bed and go to your house; and he arose and went to his house; and when the crowd saw it, they marveled and glorified God who had given such power to men; and John said in his Gospel: And after this there was a feast of the Jews; and Jesus went up to Jerusalem; and there in Jerusalem by the Sheep Gate, a pool, which is called in Hebrew, Bethesda, having five porches; in these lay a great multitude of sick people, blind, lame, paralyzed, waiting for the moving of the water; for an angel went down at a certain time into the pool and stirred up the water; then whoever stepped in first after the stirring of the water was made well of whatever disease he had; now a certain man was there who had an infirmity thirty-eight years; when Jesus saw him lying there, and knew that he already had been in that condition a long time, he said to him: Do you want to be made well? the sick man answered him: Sir, I have no man to put me into the pool when the water is stirred up; but while I am coming, another steps down before me; Jesus said to him: Rise, take up your bed and walk; and immediately the man was made well, took up his bed, and walked; and that day was the Sabbath; the Jews therefore said to him who was cured: It is the Sabbath; it is not lawful for you to carry your bed; he answered them: He who made me well said to me, 'Take up your bed and walk'; then they asked him: Who is the man who said to you, 'Take up your bed and walk'? but the one who was healed did not know who it was, for Jesus had withdrawn, a multitude being in that place; afterward Jesus found him in the temple, and said to him: See, you have been made well. Sin no more, lest a worse thing come upon you; the man departed and told the Jews that it was Jesus who had made him well; for this reason the Jews persecuted Jesus, and sought to kill him, because he had done these things on the Sabbath.
And Matthew said: And Jesus passed by there; and he saw a man sitting at the tax booth; his name was Matthew; and he said to him: Follow me; so he left everything and rose up and followed him; and Luke said: And after this he went out and saw a tax collector named Levi; sitting at the tax office; and he said to him: Follow me; so he left everything and rose up and followed him; and Levi made for him a great feast in his house; and there was a large crowd of tax collectors and others reclining with him; and Mark said: Then he went out to the shore of the sea; and a large crowd gathered to him; and he taught them; and as he went on, he saw Levi the son of Alphaeus sitting at the tax collectors; and he said to him: Follow me; and he rose up and followed him; and while he was reclining in his house - and Matthew said: And while he was reclining in the house of Simon - tax collectors and many sinners came; and they reclined with Jesus and his disciples; and when the Pharisees saw this, they said to his disciples: Why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners? And when Jesus heard, he said to them: Those who are well have no need of a physician; but those who are sick; go and learn what this means; I desire mercy, not sacrifice; for I did not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance; and Luke said: And one of the Pharisees asked him to eat with him; and he went into the house of that Pharisee and sat down; and there was a woman in that city, a sinner; and when she knew that he was reclining in the house of that Pharisee, she took a flask of perfume; and stood behind him at his feet weeping; and began to wet his feet with her tears; and wiped them with the hair of her head; and she kissed his feet; and anointed them with perfume; and when the Pharisee who had invited him saw this, he spoke to himself saying: If this man were a prophet, he would know who and what manner of woman this is who is touching him; for she is a sinner; and Jesus answered and said to him: Simon, I have something to say to you; and he said: Teacher, say it; there was a certain creditor who had two debtors; one owed five hundred denarii, and the other fifty; and when they had nothing with which to repay, he freely forgave them both; tell me therefore, which of them will love him more? Simon answered and said: I suppose the one whom he forgave more; and he said to him: You have rightly judged; then he turned to the woman and said to Simon: Do you see this woman? I entered your house; you gave me no water for my feet; but she has washed my feet with her tears and wiped them with the hair of her head; you gave me no kiss; but this woman has not ceased to kiss my feet since the time I came in; you did not anoint my head with oil; but this woman has anointed my feet with perfume; therefore I say to you, her sins, which are many, are forgiven; for she loved much; but to whom little is forgiven, the same loves little; then he said to her: Your sins are forgiven; and those who sat at the table with him began to say to themselves: Who is this who even forgives sins? Then he said to the woman: Your faith has saved you; go in peace; and it came to pass afterward that he went through every city and village, preaching and bringing the glad tidings of the kingdom of God; and the twelve were with him; and certain women who had been healed of evil spirits and infirmities; Mary called Magdalene, out of whom had come seven demons; and Joanna the wife of Chuza, Herod's steward; and many others.
And Matthew said: At that time, the disciples of John came to him saying: Why do we and the Pharisees fast often, but your disciples do not fast? Jesus said to them: The sons of the bridegroom cannot mourn as long as the bridegroom is with them; but the days will come when the bridegroom will be taken away from them, and then they will fast. No one puts a new piece of cloth on an old garment; for the patch takes away from the garment, and the tear is made worse. And Mark said: No one sews a patch of unshrunk cloth on an old garment, otherwise the new piece pulls away from the old, and the tear is made worse. And Matthew said: Nor do they put new wine into old wineskins, or else the wineskins burst, and the wine is spilled, and the wineskins are ruined; but they put new wine into new wineskins, and both are preserved. And Luke said: And no one, having drunk old wine, immediately desires new; for he says, 'The old is better.' And Matthew said: While he was speaking to them, a ruler came and worshiped him, saying: My daughter has just died; but come and lay your hand on her, and she will live. So Jesus arose and followed him, and so did his disciples. And behold, a woman who had a flow of blood for twelve years came from behind and touched the hem of his garment; for she said to herself, 'If only I may touch his garment, I shall be made well.' But Jesus turned around, and when he saw her, he said: Be of good cheer, daughter; your faith has made you well. And the woman was made well from that hour. And when Jesus came into the ruler's house, Mark said: And he permitted no one to follow him except Peter and James and John, the brother of James. He saw the crowd was tumultuous, and he said to them: Make room; for the girl is not dead, but sleeping. And they laughed at him. But when the crowd was put outside, he went in and took her by the hand, and the girl arose. And Mark said: And he put them all outside and took with him the father of the girl and her mother and those who were with him, and he went in to where the girl was lying. Then he took the girl by the hand and said to her: Talitha, cumi - which is translated: Little girl, I say to you, arise. Immediately the girl arose and walked, for she was twelve years old. And they were amazed with great amazement. And he commanded them strictly that no one should know it, and said that something should be given her to eat. And Matthew said: And the report of this went out into all that land.
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