And when He, glorified and exalted is He, established the principle indicating the Oneness of Allah and the affirmation of justice and sanctity by resurrection for judgment, they used to say: Indeed, they are the most rational of people. And the rational person does not feel safe from the dangers of warning unless he has prepared what will ensure its prevention. And no one can repel the one who threatens except one who is equal to him or exceeds him in partnership or otherwise. They claimed regarding their idols that they are partners. Based on this principle, He built its branches and began by refuting their claims. He, glorified and exalted is He, commanded him ﷺ to alert them to their foolishness by saying that they turned away from what could harm them without any precaution against it. This indicates the lack of divinity of what they called gods due to the absence of evidence for their divinity from reason or transmission. For the status of divinity cannot be established without a decisive proof: "Say" means: to these who expose themselves to the utmost danger, denying them in reproach and admonition: "Have you seen" means: inform me after reflection and deep insight "what you invoke" means: the invocation of worship. And He pointed out their lowliness by saying, glorified and exalted is He: "besides Allah" means: the Greatest King, of whom everything is beneath Him, so there is no equal to Him.

And when it was known that the inquiry about the vision of what they observe is a matter that can only be valid by interpreting that it is about some conditions, the estimation was: Are they partners on earth? He resumed his statement: "Show me" and confirmed the words by saying, glorified and exalted is He: "What have they created" means: what have they invented "from the earth" so that the claim that they are partners in it is valid by inventing that part. And when the meaning of the words and their translation is: Show me, are they partners on earth? He countered it by saying: "Or do they have" means: those whom you invoke "partnership in the heavens" means: a type of partnership: management - as the people of natural sciences say, or creation or otherwise. Show me that which they have created from it so that your claim about them is valid and your reliance on them is due to it.

So the verse is from the intertwining: it mentioned creation first as evidence for its removal second, and partnership second as evidence for its removal first.

And when the evidence is one of two things: hearing and reason, He, exalted is He, said: "Bring me" [meaning] a proof against your claims regarding these idols that they created something, or that they deserve to be worshipped "with a book" means: one that can be relied upon, I do not require you to bring more than one book. And when the books are multiple and there was no book before the Qur'an that was general for all that has passed from time, He included the preposition and said, exalted is He: "before this" [meaning] that which was revealed to me like the Torah, the Gospel, and the Psalms. And this is one of the signs of prophethood, for they all testify to the Oneness, if someone were to bring them, they would testify against him.

And when He mentioned the Most High, by which there is no obligation except through it, which is the decisive transmission, He made it easy for them and descended to what is below it, which is from reason. He convinced [them] with a single remnant, even if it were a trace and not an essence, and He said: ﴿Or a trace﴾ meaning: a remnant of a valid sign for argumentation. Ibn Burjan said: It is the remnant from the trace of everything that is seen after its disappearance, and at the time of its being seen, there is a remnant from a predecessor who speaks of it in their traces. Al-Baghawi said: The root of the word is from the trace, which is narration.

﴿Of knowledge﴾ (p-126) meaning: decisive by necessity or experience or observation or otherwise, even if it is a conjecture that indicates what you claimed about them of partnership. And when they had a repulsion from lying and a distaste for it, and a horror of it that was not found in any nation among the nations, He indicated to their reprimand for lying if they did not establish evidence for their claims by His saying, the Exalted: ﴿If you are﴾ meaning: by what is for you like your nature ﴿truthful﴾ meaning: deeply rooted in truthfulness regarding what you claim for yourselves.