Commentary
And when He glorified Him, glorified and exalted is He, from having a child, and indicated that by saying that He is the Owner of all things and their King. This was not necessarily associated with divinity. It indicated that despite that, He is the God, none other than Him in both realms, with an evident proof in which all people share in His knowledge. He presented the heavens to be a foundation in that, followed by the earth, which is generally subordinate to it in most matters. He said, indicating that the proportion of all existence to Him is equal, for He is glorified from needing a place or time, adding to what He decrees: His being glorified from what they attributed to Him, which is the meaning of "Glory be to Him" [Az-Zukhruf: 82]. "And He is the one who" is "in the heavens a God," meaning a deity with whom nothing is associated, "and in the earth a God," the direction of desires towards Him in all conditions, and one sincerely devoted to Him in all times of necessity. There has been consensus from all those in the heavens and the earth on His divinity, thus confirming His right to this rank and establishing His exclusivity in deserving it in times of hardship. The remaining times are likewise without difference, for there is no partner for Him in such a right. Therefore, the worship of others is invalid. It was said in the dictionary: "He is God" - meaning with the opening - "divinity, godhood, and deity": He worshipped with worship, and from it: the term of majesty - and its origin is: God, meaning the one who is worshipped, and everything taken as a deity is a God to its taker. And "He was astonished" means He was perplexed. From this, it is known the permissibility of the neighbor's attachment to a God.
And when the God is not suitable for divinity except if He places things in their proper place such that no corruption can reach Him, nor can the corruption of a corrupter harm them, and this cannot be the case except with perfect knowledge, He said: "And He is the Wise," meaning the one who possesses profound wisdom, which is the knowledge for which judgment is necessary from a caretaker regarding the matter judged in its immediate and delayed aspects. And when wisdom is the knowledge of what necessitates judgment, He, the Most High, said: "The All-Knowing," meaning the one who has reached a level of knowledge that does not enter into the understanding of the wise beyond describing Him in this way in a manner of exaggeration. If they were to expand their thoughts and prolong their gazes, for there is nothing like Him in His essence or any of His attributes to be compared to. And everyone who claims that there is a partner for Him cannot claim for Him what has been described by consensus regarding His divinity and the perfection of His knowledge and judgment. Thus, it is firmly established that the partnership is invalid in a manner understood by everyone. There is no escape then if one opposes, whoever they may be. Therefore, it has been confirmed that He is the only God and that He is glorified from having a partner or child and from any blemish of deficiency, such that He does not fear His warning. His servants do not engage in frivolity or play. And whoever among them engages or plays should not blame anyone but themselves, for their actions are preserved by His knowledge, and He will reward them with His wisdom.
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