Commentary
And when He commanded them to obey Him, He justified that by what removed the accusation against Him in which obedience is due. He said, confirming what is in their actions of flattery that indicates denial: "Indeed, Allah," meaning the One who is distinguished by majesty and beauty, is worthy of being revered. "He is" meaning alone, "my Lord and your Lord." We are equal in servitude by His kindness towards us and His sovereignty over us. If it were not for Him sending me, He would not have distinguished me from you with these clear verses. "So worship Him" with what I command you, for He has confirmed to me regarding you to follow what has appeared through my hand, thus He became the commander, not I.
And when His calling to Allah with what has no share for him, blessings and peace be upon him, in it, indicated conclusively his truthfulness, especially since it was accompanied by miracles while he himself was in utmost secrecy, some of which cannot be achieved in any way, he referred to all of that with his words, in a manner of inference from what has passed, encouraging it and indicating its necessity for obedience: "This," meaning the great matter to which I have called you, "is a path," meaning a very wide and clear way, "straight," with no deviation in it.
He mentioned what indicates that he brought wisdom from the Gospel:
{"translation": "He said: As for one of his four translators, their translations have mixed, and most of the context for 'as for' is: So when Jesus went out and came to the regions of Tyre and Sidon, behold, a woman of Canaan came out from those borders, crying out and saying: Have mercy on me, O Lord, Son of David! My daughter is severely demon-possessed. But He answered her not a word. And His disciples came and asked Him, saying: Send her away, for she cries out after us. But He answered and said: I was not sent except to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. Then she came and worshiped Him, saying: Lord, help me! But He answered and said: It is not good to take the children's bread and throw it to the little dogs. And she said: Yes, Lord, yet even the little dogs eat the crumbs which fall from their masters' table. Then Jesus answered and said to her: O woman, great is your faith! Let it be to you as you desire. And her daughter was healed from that very hour. And Mark said: He said to her: For this saying, go your way; the demon has gone out of your daughter. And she went to her house and found the demon gone out and her daughter lying on the bed. And they brought to Him a man who was deaf and had an impediment in his speech, and they begged Him to put His hand on him. And He took him aside from the multitude, and put His fingers in his ears, and He spat and touched his tongue. Then, looking up to heaven, He sighed and said to him: Ephphatha, that is, be opened. Immediately his ears were opened and the impediment of his tongue was loosed, and he spoke plainly. Then He commanded them that they should tell no one; but the more He commanded them, the more widely they proclaimed it. And they were astonished beyond measure, saying: He has done all things well. He makes both the deaf to hear and the mute to speak. And Mark said: Then He came to the house of Sidon, and they brought to Him a blind man, and begged Him to touch him. So He took the blind man by the hand and led him out of the town. And when He had spit on his eyes and put His hands on him, He asked him if he saw anything. And he looked up and said: I see men like trees, walking. Then He put His hands on his eyes again and made him look up. And he was restored and saw everyone clearly. Then He sent him away to his house, saying: Neither go into the town, nor tell anyone in the town. Now Jesus and His disciples went out to the towns of Caesarea Philippi; and on the road He asked His disciples, saying to them: Who do men say that I am? So they answered, John the Baptist; but some say, Elijah; and others, one of the prophets. He said to them: But who do you say that I am? Peter answered and said to Him: You are the Christ. Jesus answered and said to him: Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jonah, for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but My Father who is in heaven. And I also say to you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it. And I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven. Then He commanded His disciples that they should tell no one that He was Jesus the Christ. From that time Jesus began to show to His disciples that He must go to Jerusalem, and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and be raised the third day. Then Peter took Him aside and began to rebuke Him, saying: Far be it from You, Lord; this shall not happen to You! But He turned and said to Peter: Get behind Me, Satan! You are an offense to Me, for you are not mindful of the things of God, but the things of men. Then Jesus said to His disciples: If anyone desires to come after Me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow Me. For whoever desires to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake will find it. For what profit is it to a man if he gains the whole world, and loses his own soul? Or what will a man give in exchange for his soul? For the Son of Man will come in the glory of His Father with His angels, and then He will reward each according to his works. Assuredly, I say to you, there are some standing here who shall not taste death till they see the Son of Man coming in His kingdom. And Luke said: There was a great multitude with Him, and He turned and said to them: If anyone comes to Me and does not hate his father and mother, wife and children, brothers and sisters, yes, and his own life also, he cannot be My disciple. And whoever does not bear his cross and come after Me cannot be My disciple. For which of you, intending to build a tower, does not sit down first and count the cost, whether he has enough to finish it? Lest, after he has laid the foundation, and is not able to finish, all who see it begin to mock him, saying: This man began to build and was not able to finish. Or what king, going to make war against another king, does not sit down first and consider whether he is able with ten thousand to meet him who comes against him with twenty thousand? Or else, while the other is still a great way off, he sends a delegation and asks conditions of peace. So likewise, whoever of you does not forsake all that he has cannot be My disciple. And Luke also mentioned that he, blessings and peace be upon him, was at a feast and spoke a parable because they were choosing the best seats, saying to them: When you are invited by anyone to a wedding feast, do not sit down in the best place, lest one more honorable than you be invited by him; and he who invited you and him come and say to you: Give place to this man; and then you begin with shame to take the lowest place. But when you are invited, go and sit down in the lowest place, so that when he who invited you comes, he may say to you: Friend, go up higher. Then you will have glory in the presence of those who sit at the table with you. For whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted. Then He said to him who invited Him: When you give a dinner or a supper, do not ask your friends, your brothers, your relatives, nor rich neighbors, lest they also invite you back and you be repaid. But when you give a feast, invite the poor, the maimed, the lame, the blind. And you will be blessed, because they cannot
And if your eye complains to you, then remove it and cast it away from you. It is better for you to enter life with one eye than to have two eyes and be cast into Hell. And Murqus said: And everything is salted by fire, and every sacrifice is salted with good salt. If the salt becomes corrupt, then with what will it be salted? Let there be salt among you, and let there be peace among some of you. And Luqa said: Then he said: For the sake of people who say: Indeed, they are righteous and belittle the rest. This parable is of two men who went up to the temple to pray. One of them was a Pharisee and the other a tax collector. As for the Pharisee, he was praying like this to himself: O Allah, I thank You that I am not like other sinful people, the unjust, the wicked, nor like this tax collector. He was standing far off and did not see fit to lift his eyes to heaven, but was beating his chest and saying: O Allah, forgive me, for I am a sinner. I tell you, this one went down to his house justified rather than the other; for everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but he who humbles himself will be exalted. Then children came to him to lay hands on them, but when the disciples saw it, they rebuked them. But he said: Let the children come to me, and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of God belongs to such as these. Truly I say to you, whoever does not receive the kingdom of God like a child will not enter it. And Matta said: Look, do not belittle any of these little ones, for the Son of Man came to seek and to save the lost. What do you think? If a man has a hundred sheep and one of them goes astray, does he not leave the ninety-nine on the mountains and go in search of the one that went astray? And when he finds it, truly I say to you, he rejoices over it more than over the ninety-nine that never went astray. So it is not the will of my Father who is in heaven that one of these little ones should perish. And Luqa said: And the tax collectors and sinners were drawing near to hear him, and the Pharisees and the scribes grumbled, saying: This man receives sinners and eats with them. So he told them this parable: What man of you, having a hundred sheep, if he has lost one of them, does not leave the ninety-nine in the wilderness and go after the one that is lost until he finds it? And when he has found it, he lays it on his shoulders, rejoicing. And when he comes home, he calls together his friends and neighbors, saying to them: Rejoice with me, for I have found my sheep that was lost. I tell you, there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous persons who need no repentance. Or what woman, having ten silver coins, if she loses one coin, does not light a lamp and sweep the house and seek diligently until she finds it? And when she has found it, she calls together her friends and neighbors, saying: Rejoice with me, for I have found the coin that I had lost. Just so, I tell you, there is joy before the angels of God over one sinner who repents. And he said: A man had two sons. And the younger of them said to his father: Father, give me the share of property that is coming to me. And he divided his property between them. Not many days later, the younger son gathered all he had and took a journey into a far country, and there he squandered his property in reckless living. And when he had spent everything, a severe famine arose in that country, and he began to be in need. So he went and hired himself out to one of the citizens of that country, who sent him into his fields to feed pigs. And he was longing to be fed with the pods that the pigs ate, and no one gave him anything. But when he came to himself, he said: How many of my father's hired servants have more than enough bread, but I perish here with hunger! I will arise and go to my father, and I will say to him: Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you. I am no longer worthy to be called your son. Treat me as one of your hired servants. And he arose and came to his father. But while he was still a long way off, his father saw him and felt compassion, and ran and embraced him and kissed him. And the son said to him: Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you. I am no longer worthy to be called your son. But the father said to his servants: Bring quickly the best robe and put it on him, and put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet. And bring the fattened calf and kill it, and let us eat and celebrate. For this my son was dead, and is alive again; he was lost, and is found. And they began to celebrate. Now his older son was in the field, and as he came and drew near to the house, he heard music and dancing. And he called one of the servants and asked what these things meant. And he said to him: Your brother has come, and your father has killed the fattened calf, because he has received him back safe and sound. But he was angry and refused to go in. His father came out and entreated him, but he answered his father: Look, these many years I have served you, and I never disobeyed your command, yet you never gave me a young goat that I might celebrate with my friends. But when this son of yours came, who has devoured your property with prostitutes, you killed the fattened calf for him! And he said to him: Son, you are always with me, and all that is mine is yours. It was fitting to celebrate and be glad, for this your brother was dead, and is alive; he was lost, and is found.
And he said: A man was rich, wearing purple, and he indulged every day and enjoyed himself. And there was a poor man named al-Azir, who was laid at his door, afflicted with sores. He longed to be satisfied with the crumbs that fell from the table of that rich man. And the dogs would come and lick his sores. When that poor man died, the angels took him to the fortress of Ibrahim. And that rich man died and was buried. He raised his eyes in the abyss while he was in torment. He saw Ibrahim from afar and al-Azir in his fortress. He called out: O my father Ibrahim! Have mercy on me and send al-Azir to dip the tip of his finger in water to cool my tongue, for I am being tormented in the flames. Ibrahim said to him: O my son, remember that you killed your neighbors in your life, and al-Azir was in his affliction, and now he is at ease here while you are being tormented. And yet, between us and you there is a great chasm, remote, that no one can cross from here to you, nor from there to us. He said to him: I ask you, O my father, to send him to my father's house, for I have five brothers, so he may warn them, lest they come to this place of torment. Ibrahim said to him: They have Musa and the prophets; let them listen to them. He said to him: O my father Ibrahim! If no one from the dead goes to them, will they not repent? Ibrahim said to him: If they do not listen to Musa and the prophets, then even if one were to rise from the dead, they would not believe him. And he said to his students: Doubts will come, and woe, which doubts come before it is better for him if he were to hang a millstone around his neck and be thrown into the sea than to doubt any of these weak ones - and Allah knows best.
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