Commentary
And when it became clear in this speech, which is limited to patience and encompasses forgiveness, and necessitates victory, he included them all in the circle of truth. He followed it up with those who exited that circle, saying, informing that what He wills happens, and what He does not will does not happen. This is in addition to the meaning of: 'So whoever Allah guides to stand at these limits, he has no misleader.' Clarifying with the word of misguidance that what He has legislated from the path is in the utmost clarity. No one deviates from it except by great expulsion: 'And whoever Allah misguides,' meaning the one who has the attributes of perfection, a clear misguidance by what the intellect has indicated by lack of clarification or by lack of success in absolute patience, is broader than merely being limited to taking the truth, delaying the truth to a time, pardoning, and forgiving.
And when the one who is misguided cannot be except as one compelled to evil, this caused his saying: 'So he has no ally,' meaning at that time, 'to take care of him in guidance by clarifying what Allah has concealed from him or the success of what He has clarified for him, 'after him,' meaning after Allah's dealing with him as one far removed, who has been entrusted to himself and others of creation in something of a time of distance, even if it is little.
And when the basis of the matter of the misguided is upon regret, even if after a while, he said, following in a manner: 'So you see the wrongdoers before the sight of punishment in the utmost arrogance, pride, and denial of His power over them. Therefore, they do not hope for a reckoning nor fear a punishment: 'And you see,' and he said: 'the wrongdoers,' the place of 'and you see them' to clarify that the misguided does not place anything in its proper place. And when their punishment is inevitable, he expressed it in the past tense, saying: 'When they saw the punishment,' meaning the known destination of the wrongdoer towards which there is a sight encompassing his outward and inward. They wish to return to the world to make up for what has passed of the obligatory acts of obedience for salvation. 'They say,' meaning repeating from what has overcome them of astonishment and has dominated their hearts from fear: 'Is there any way back?' meaning a return to the abode of action, and its time is a means of rescue from this punishment.
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