And when He reminded them, glorified and exalted is He, of His blessings, and the context was to enumerate what is appropriate to the purpose of this Surah from them, it was fitting for thought to occur to him about what is in the world of ailments, hardships, worries, and understandings with the misery in it and the happiness. He said, healing the defect of his question about that by clarifying what is in it of His blessing in a way that indicates the completeness of His power. He added to what is contained in what has passed by what He decrees: He is the One who created you and provided for you, and He is the one who governs you after dispersing you with well-being and affliction, completely governing. There is no blessing with you nor any affliction except from Him, and its possessors cannot repel it nor return anything of it; He is your only protector. "And whatever has afflicted you" He addressed them directly, increasing the closeness of the obedient and reproaching the disobedient. He included with His saying: "of calamity" and informed about the subject with His saying: "So by what" meaning by reason of that - this is according to the reading of Nafi and Ibn Amer, and the affirmation of the 'fa' in the remaining readings is an addition in clarifying the causality, so they read "So by what" to include the subject of condition, meaning it is by that which is the reason.

And when the souls are inclined towards contradictions, they do not detach from them except by a strong assistance from Allah, and their entire or most of their actions are upon them. So He expressed with the simple verb indicating that, saying: "It has earned."

And when the action is predominantly by the hand, He said: "your hands" meaning from sins. Every hardship that follows is indeed because of a previous sin, the least of which is negligence. Ibn Majah narrated in his Sunan and Ibn Hibban in his Sahih - and Al-Hakim, and the wording is his - and he said: the chain is authentic - from Thawban, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, said: "Nothing repels the decree except supplication, and nothing increases in lifespan except righteousness. And indeed, a man is deprived of provision by a sin he commits." So the verse calls everyone to hasten upon the occurrence of calamity to hold themselves accountable to know from where their shortcomings came, and to hasten to repent from it and turn to Allah to save themselves from destruction. The benefit of this, even though everything is by His creation and will, is to manifest submission and humility and to feel the need and dependence on the One, the All-Prevailing. Were it not for the coming of the Shari'ah, there would be no way to guidance, nor to these wondrous perfections. And such reminders are to extract from the servant what He has deposited in his nature and instilled in his instinct, like a planting and sowing that has been preceded by water and sun to extract what He has deposited in his nature of divine knowledge and lofty wisdom.

And when He mentioned His justice, He followed it with His grace and said: ﴿and He pardons much﴾. If it were not for His pardon and His overlooking, He would not have left upon its surface any creature. And included in this is what befalls the righteous, in order to attain ranks, virtues, and specificities that they do not reach except through it, because their deeds have not attained it. So it is the best connection from Allah to them. And it was said to Abu Sulayman al-Darani: Why do the wise remove blame from those who wronged them? He said: Because they know that Allah tested them with their sins - and he recited this verse.