And when they were in the world, their hands were gathered to their chins by the means of the totality of oppression. Then they were connected by the chains of subjugation, being driven by them from the position of triumph in success to the depths of disbelief through arguing with falsehood and its clear misguidance, as Allah, the Most High, said: "Indeed, We have placed upon their necks shackles" [Yasin: 8]. So He made the inner aspect of those worldly chains and shackles apparent in that assembly. He said: "When" meaning: at the time when "the shackles" is the plural of ghill, he said in the Book of Literature, it is that by which a person is punished. And Al-Qazzaz said: the ghill made of iron is known, and it can be made of a cord. And he said in 'Al-Nihayah': it is the iron that binds the hand of the captive to his neck, and it is also called a binder - this is the end. Its origin is the act of entering, as it enters the neck and the hand, and they are gathered by it. This is the meaning of the saying of Al-Saghani in 'Majma' al-Bahrain': there is a ghill of iron on his neck, and his hand has been bound to his neck. "Upon their necks" meaning: binding their hands to their shoulders. And he expressed with 'when' and its meaning is the past, along with 'will' and its meaning is the future, because the expression with the past is an indication of the realization of the matter while it is still in the future.

"And the chains" meaning: also in their necks, that binds them from every action due to their not being bound by a Book or a Messenger. And the chain is from: something that has become intertwined: it has become disturbed. Al-Raghib said: as if he imagined from it a repeated intertwining, so he repeated its term to indicate the repetition of its meaning. And nothing has become intertwined in its place until it has become clear, while they are being "dragged" meaning: by it. And dragging is pulling with force.