Commentary
And when the evidence stood and the arguments became clear that He, glorified and exalted is He, is the Lord of the worlds, among whom are those addressed, and there is no ruling for nature or anything else, He followed that with another verse in themselves which is more evident than what has passed. So He connected it through the path of reasoning to their participation with him, blessings and peace be upon him, in the command and prohibition in that which preceded it, His saying, exalted is He: ﴿He is﴾ no one but ﴿the One﴾. And when the description of nurturing was past, He expressed it by it and said: ﴿He created you from dust﴾ meaning: your origin and the food by which your bodies are nurtured ﴿then from a drop﴾ of sperm that is emitted ﴿then from a clinging substance﴾ distancing its state from the state of the drop just as the state of the drop was [distant] from the state of dust.
﴿Then﴾ after other affairs occurred ﴿He brings you out﴾ meaning: He renews your coming out gradually ﴿as infants﴾ owning nothing and knowing nothing. Then He includes you in the stages of nurturing, rising with strength to the peak of perfection, stage after stage and state after state ﴿so that you may reach your maturity. Then﴾ He brings you down with weakness and frailty into the depths of decline ﴿so that you may become old men﴾ weak and strange, your peers have died, your foundations have weakened, and you have become fearful of everyone.
And when this was understood to be the state of all, He clarified that what was intended by it was only some, for the addressed is the genus, and it encompasses some just as it encompasses all. So He said: ﴿And among you are those who are taken﴾ by the taking of their souls and all their meanings.
And when death does not encompass the time between the years but rather is in a brief moment between them, He included the preposition with the circumstance and said: ﴿before﴾ meaning: before the state of old age or before the state of maturity.
And when the meaning was: so that your ages and states and deeds may vary, He added to it His saying: ﴿and so that you may reach﴾ meaning: each one of you ﴿a specified term﴾ meaning: [for him] a term that the King has appointed for him in the womb of his mother by Our permission and by Our command which We have decreed in eternity, so it does not exceed it once, nor by the weight of an atom, and faith is renewed for the angels at every time.
And when these matters are certain for those who know them, and not anticipated for those who are ignorant of them, for there is no reaching for the human being by any means or thought to anything of them, He expressed it with the preposition, and the means to reach them is through reflection on them and contemplation to know that the deity is one in the place of hope for the rational being. He said: ﴿And perhaps you may understand﴾ [meaning]: so that you may know by the difference between people in it through the evidences of observation by reflecting on the stages of creation and the stages of years, and returning the last rulings to the first that the doer of that is capable, chosen, wise, and overpowering, does not resemble anything nor is anything like Him.
Explore Other Scholars on This Verse
Compare different scholarly perspectives on Surah Ghafir verse 67