Tafsir for verse: 40:36
وَقَالَ فِرۡعَوۡنُ يَٰهَٰمَٰنُ ٱبۡنِ لِي صَرۡحٗا لَّعَلِّيٓ أَبۡلُغُ ٱلۡأَسۡبَٰبَ ٣٦ ﴿36
36And Fir‘aun (Pharaoh) said, “O Hāmān, make a tower for me, perhaps I could reach the ways -
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Commentary

And when he mentioned the mentioned nature, he indicated it by what he mentioned of the saying of Pharaoh and his action, in addition to what has passed of his saying and the saying of the believer. He meant by saying what there is no hope of attaining, in arrogance and tyranny, due to the density of his heart and the corruption of his intellect. Thus, he became a source of laughter for all who heard him. This is if he thought that he would reach what he desired, and if he intended by that to confuse his people to defend against following Musa, blessings and peace be upon him, for a time. He indeed called upon them with ignorance and excessive lack of determination, nobility, and reason. So Allah, the Most High, said: "And Pharaoh said," meaning: after the saying of this believer, turning away from his response because he found no flaw in it: "O Haman," he is his minister, "the son of" and he recognized him by his great concern for him by adding him in his saying: "Build for me a tower," meaning: a visible structure that rises above for everyone. Al-Baghawi said: It is not hidden from the observer even if he is far away. Its origin is from 'tashrih,' which means to make apparent. His justification by the hope that can only be in what is possible is evidence that he was deceiving his people while he knows the truth. For indeed, a rational person does not consider what he sought to be among the ordinary possibilities. He said: "Perhaps I may reach the means," meaning: those for which there are no other means due to their greatness.

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