Tafsir for verse: 40:35
ٱلَّذِينَ يُجَٰدِلُونَ فِيٓ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ بِغَيۡرِ سُلۡطَٰنٍ أَتَىٰهُمۡۖ كَبُرَ مَقۡتًا عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَعِندَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يَطۡبَعُ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ قَلۡبِ مُتَكَبِّرٖ جَبَّارٖ ٣٥ ﴿35
35those who quarrel in Allah’s verses without any authority having reached them. It is terribly hateful with Allah and with those who believe. That is how Allah stamps a seal on the entire heart of an arrogant tyrant.”
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Commentary

And when it became evident without any doubt what Moses, peace be upon him, brought forth from the clear signs, that their doubt in the message of the past and their certainty in the ruling of denying the message of the future is the greatest misguidance. That it is from the argumentation which has no meaning except to divert the one who is right from what he is upon of the truth to what the arguer is upon of misguidance. He connected this with his saying in the manner of deduction, reproaching them with a phrase that encompasses others: "Those who" meaning: an argument from "they argue" meaning: they fight and dispute with intense contention "in the signs of Allah" meaning: encompassing the attributes of perfection, especially the signs indicating the Day of Gathering. For they are the clearest signs of His existence, glorified and exalted is He, and of what He is upon of attributes and actions and what is permissible for Him or impossible.

And when the argumentation with that which is best is prescribed, and it is what He commanded (p-67), He said: "Without authority" meaning: without power and evidence "that has come to them" meaning: from the One to whom belongs all matters "It is great" meaning: it is immense, that is: the determined argument is added before "those who" and clarified what was ambiguous of this greatness by a distinguishing transformation from the doer. He said: "A great anger with Allah" meaning: the Greatest King "and with those who believe" meaning: those who are His chosen ones.

And when the doer of this can only be the one whose heart is darkened, the estimation is: Those whom Allah has sealed their hearts. He connected with this the continuation of his saying: "Thus" meaning: like this great sealing "He seals" meaning: He affixes a seal in it that is damaged "Allah" [meaning]: the One who has all greatness "upon every heart". And when the action of every being with a soul is indeed by his heart, he attributed the action to it in the reading of Abu Amr and Ibn Amer in one of the two narrations from him with the tanween, and described it with his saying: "Arrogant" meaning: one who pretends to have what he does not have and it is not for anyone other than Allah.

"Compeller" meaning: manifesting arrogance, strong and overpowering. And the reading of the others with the addition is the same in that the surah is within the heart to encompass all its individuals, except that the description of arrogance and compulsion is for the person and not for the heart. And it is clearer than the strange reading by advancing the heart over all; because advancing every text in encompassing the individuals of the hearts of those who are characterized by this description. And it is certain that the individual hearts are distributed among the individuals of people because it is not possible for one person to have more than one heart, unlike if the heart is advanced, for it may be claimed that the individual person, and that the surahs are for the sake of gathering the types of arrogance and compulsion. So the meaning would be: upon the heart of a person encompassing every individual from the attributes of arrogance and compulsion - and Allah is the Grantor of success.

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