Commentary
And when the gathering of the arrogant and others became widespread, the details came to the two categories. He said: ﴿So as for those who believed﴾; meaning: they submitted to Allah (glorified and exalted is He); and they humbled themselves to Him; ﴿and did righteous deeds﴾; confirming their acknowledgment of faith; ﴿He will give them their rewards in full﴾; meaning: those that customs have established among you to be given; even if they do not truly deserve them; because Allah (glorified and exalted is He) is the One who granted them success for it; so it is a favor from Him upon them; ﴿and He will increase them﴾; meaning: after what has been established by customs; ﴿from His bounty﴾; meaning: something that does not fall under enumeration; because He is the Possessor of great bounty; ﴿And as for those who were disdainful and arrogant﴾; meaning: they sought both refusal and pride; ﴿He will punish them with a painful punishment﴾; meaning: with what they found of the pleasure of arrogance and pride; and this caused pain to the allies of Allah; ﴿And they will not find for themselves﴾; meaning: a state; nor an outcome; ﴿besides Allah﴾; for whom no one has authority with Him; ﴿a protector﴾; meaning: a close one who acts with them as a close one would act; ﴿nor a supporter﴾; meaning: even if he is distant; and in this is the most complete deterrent from what the hypocrites intended by allying with the people of the Book; and the greatest denial of what they promised them of what they have; and they claimed of the status with Allah; which necessitates that they bring close whom they wish; and distance whom they wish; and this is among the most suitable matters for the conclusion of the first verses warning against them: ﴿And sufficient is Allah as a protector, and sufficient is Allah as a supporter﴾ [An-Nisa: 45]
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