Commentary
And when that was among the best of admonitions for the people of the food of those who have taken him as a refuge, he turned to them, seeking their compassion, with the wording of faith, coming with the wording of command in a way that encompasses others. He said what is like the result of what has passed regarding the command of justice from the beginning of the surah; up to here; in a way that he confirmed and urged: "O you who have believed"; meaning: they have acknowledged faith with their tongues; "be steadfast"; meaning: be firmly established in a profound manner; consistently upon it; striving in it.
And when the greatest foundation of this surah is justice, he presented it and said: "with justice"; unlike what comes in 'Al-Ma'idah'; for the consideration in it is towards fulfillment, which is only through looking at the one who is to be fulfilled for; "witnesses"; meaning: present; alert; the presence of the one who will hold accountable for everything you intend to enter into; "for Allah"; meaning: for the face of the One in whose hand is everything; not for anything else; "and if"; that justice were "against yourselves"; meaning: for I do not increase you by that except in honor; and if you do not do that, I will compel you to testify against yourselves before the heads of witnesses; so you will be exposed on a day when the first and the last gather from all of the servants.
And when he mentioned the most precious thing to a person, he followed it with what comes after it; and he began with the one who combined to that the awe; he said: "or"; meaning: or is that justice against "the parents"; and he followed it with what encompasses both of them and others; he said: "and the closest relatives"; meaning: from the children and others; then he justified that by saying: "if he is"; meaning: the one who is witnessed for or against; "wealthy"; meaning: you see the testimony for him with something false that pushes harm from him to others; from the one who is witnessed against or others; or preventing a greater corruption than it; or against him with what is not righteousness; hoping for the benefit of the poor with what does not harm him; and similar to that; "or a poor person"; so it may seem to you that the testimony for him with what he does not have benefits him is a mercy for him; or with what is not against him for one who is stronger than him, it settles a fitnah; "then Allah"; meaning: the Lord of glory and honor; "is more deserving of both"; meaning: of the two types of the wealthy and the poor; included in them are these witnesses because of them from you; so He is the one hoped for in bringing benefit and warding off harm; without what you thought; so the pronoun from the usage; and if it returned to the mentioned, the pronoun would be singular; because the one being spoken about is one ambiguous.
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