Commentary
And when the king does not prevent objections against the owner, he clarified that this is only in the deficient ownership; and that his ownership is complete: ﴿And to Allah﴾; meaning: the One who has complete knowledge; and comprehensive power; ﴿is what is in the heavens﴾; and he affirmed for what has passed; so he said: ﴿and what is in the earth﴾; meaning: He is responsible for the interests of all of that; He is independent in all of its affairs; there is no objection against Him; rather, both they and all who are in them manifest their inability regarding His command; they are dependent on Him for their own affairs and conditions; willingly or unwillingly; for He is the agent over all of that; acting with it as an agent does in taking; and seizing; and expanding; and for this reason, he repeated the greatest name; so he said: ﴿And sufficient is Allah﴾; meaning: the One who has all authority; and there is no authority for anyone with Him; ﴿as an agent﴾; meaning: responsible for the interests; overpowering; unique in all matters; capable of all that is decreed; and it has become clear - as you see - that the phrase “to Allah” repeated three times mentions each time a proof for something different from what came before it; and it was repeated because if a single proof indicates many meanings, it is better to be used as evidence for each one of them; and its repetition with each one is preferable to sufficing with mentioning it once; because when it is repeated, what necessitates knowledge of the meaning is present in the mind; thus, the knowledge obtained by that meaning is stronger; and greater; and in concluding each phrase with a description from the beautiful attributes, it alerts the mind that this proof indicates noble secrets; and great demands; that are not limited; so the listener strives to reflect to reveal the secrets; and to deduce the attributes of perfection; because the overall purpose of this book is to divert minds and understandings from engaging in anything other than Allah (the Exalted); to immersing in His knowledge - glorified is He -; and this repetition is among that which benefits the attainment of this goal and confirms it; so it was in the utmost beauty; and perfection.
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