And when Allah, glorified and exalted is He, arranged this Book to mention rulings from the fundamentals and the branches, then detail them with promises and warnings, and encouragement and intimidation, and organize them with the proofs of His greatness, majesty, immense grace, and perfection. Then He returns to clarify the rulings in the most exquisite order, because presenting the intended meaning in that form is closer to acceptance. The organization is also more effective in the hearts, because the obligation of difficult actions does not yield to souls unless it is accompanied by good tidings and warnings. This does not have an effect except when it is certain of the utmost perfection from whom that statement originated. And it does not transition from one style to another except in the utmost appropriateness between the end of each type and the beginning of what follows it, with complete connection, in wording and meaning. And Allah, glorified and exalted is He, acted in this Surah regarding the rulings of justice, which He began the Surah with, in the continuity based on marriage, inheritance, and other matters connected to it, as He clarified, until He concluded here with Islam, which is fruitful for accepting all of that, and the greatness of the King necessitating the completion of Islam. The proofs were established, and the arguments shone forth. One of the greatest objectives of the Surah is justice for the weak among orphans and others in inheritance and beyond. And the inheritance of women and children, whether male or female, is something their souls reject, and their hearts have absorbed its hatred. The differentiation in establishing what this pathway is has been more effective, and presenting it gradually in the forms of eloquence is more beneficial. Thus, He said, exalted is He: "And they ask you"; in a general present tense from the name of majesty that preceded it; meaning: it has been mentioned; so there is no room for objection against it, while they are asking you, seeking for you to clarify for them some of what He has given from His ownership to some of His creatures, "about women"; hoping to monopolize them with wealth and other things, arguing that wealth should only be for those who protect the honor, while they have worshipped females besides Him. They made for her from what He has granted them of the provision that He has given them a share, from the crops and livestock, in weakness. So do not be surprised by the state of one who repeatedly asks for a ruling, which is not usually in common except in matters where there is an objection, regarding living females and male children. And the complete King, the great King, has given them some of what He wants, and He did not object to Himself, where He gave females who have no life or benefit from what is in His hand, and His ownership in reality is for others. And the owner has not permitted in it what the giver cannot benefit from.

And when the situation required increased attention due to the abundance of inquiries, He said: ﴿Say, Allah﴾; commanding; expressing with the Greatest Name; alerting to the remembrance mentioned at the beginning of the Surah; ﴿He will inform you﴾; meaning: He will clarify His ruling for you; ﴿in them﴾; meaning: now to act justly towards them; ﴿And what﴾; meaning: along with what ﴿is recited to you﴾; meaning: its recitation is renewed among you until the end of time; a decisive sword; and a comprehensive ruling; ﴿in the Book﴾; meaning: in what preceded at the beginning of the Surah; in His saying: ﴿And if you fear that you will not be just to the orphans, then marry those that please you of women﴾ [An-Nisa: 3]; and other than that; ﴿concerning the orphans of women﴾; meaning: regarding the orphans of this type; ﴿whom you do not give them﴾; meaning: due to hesitation in that; and the repeated inquiries about it; ﴿what has been prescribed for them﴾; meaning: what has been ordained of inheritance and other rights as an obligation; and it is of utmost necessity; ﴿And you desire that﴾; meaning: to; or from that; ﴿you marry them﴾; for their beauty; or for their unattractiveness; and He informs you about; the oppressed; meaning: those whose weakness is present; and the demand is to weaken them by denying them their rights; ﴿from the children﴾; and when the estimation was: "to act justly towards them - meaning: in their inheritance; and all their rights - and do not belittle them due to their smallness"; He added to it His saying: ﴿And to act﴾; meaning: to do in it with strength; and initiative; the action of the active and motivated person; ﴿for the orphans﴾ (p-418) of both males and females; ﴿with justice﴾; meaning: with fairness in inheritance and other matters.

And when the estimation was: "So whatever you do of evil in that, then indeed Allah is Knowing of it; and He is Capable over you"; He added to it His saying - encouraging -: ﴿And whatever you do of good﴾; meaning: in that; or in other than it; ﴿then indeed Allah﴾; meaning: the One who possesses all perfection; ﴿is Knowing of it﴾; meaning: He is deserving - and He is the Most Generous of the generous and the Most Just of the just - to give the doer according to His generosity; and the high status; so that you may feel good; and your eyes may find comfort; Al-Bukhari narrated in the chapter of partnership; and marriage; and Muslim in the last of the Book; and Abu Dawood; and An-Nasa'i in marriage; from Urwah that he asked Aisha - may Allah be pleased with her - about the saying of Allah - Exalted and Majestic -: ﴿And if you fear that you will not be just to the orphans﴾ [An-Nisa: 3] to the fourth; she said: "O son of my sister; she is the orphan who is in the care of her guardian; she shares with him in his wealth; and he is pleased with her wealth; and her beauty; so her guardian wants to marry her without being just in her dowry; and to give her what he gives to others; so they were prohibited from marrying them unless they act justly towards them; and they reach for them the highest of their rights in the dowry; and they were commanded to marry what pleases them of women other than them"; Urwah said: Aisha - may Allah be pleased with her - said: "Then the people inquired of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ (p-419) after this verse about them; so Allah - Exalted and Majestic - revealed: "And they ask you"; until: "And you desire that you marry them."

And that which Allah mentioned that is recited to you in the Book: the first verse in which He said: ﴿And if you fear that you will not be just to the orphans, then marry those that please you of women﴾ [An-Nisa: 3]. Aisha - may Allah be pleased with her - said: "And the saying of Allah (exalted is He) in the other verse: ﴿And you desire to marry them﴾; it is the desire of one of you for his orphan girl - and Muslim said: about his orphan girl - who is in his care; when she has little wealth and beauty; they were prohibited from marrying the orphans of women for their wealth and beauty except with justice; due to their desire for them." Muslim added: "If they are of little wealth and beauty." And Al-Bukhari said in marriage: "Just as they leave her when they desire her, they have no right to marry her when they desire her; except that they act justly towards her; and give her her full right in the dowry." And in Al-Bukhari (p-420) and Muslim; in the interpretation; from Urwah also: ﴿And they ask you about women﴾; the verse; she said: "It is the man who has the orphan girl; he is her guardian and inheritor; so she shares with him - and Muslim said: perhaps she has shared with him - in his wealth; even in the date palm; so he desires to marry her; and he dislikes to marry her to another man, so he shares with him in his wealth with what she has shared with him; so he prevents her; then this verse was revealed." And in the narration of Muslim: "It was revealed about the man who has the orphan girl and he is her guardian; and her inheritor; and she has wealth; and there is no one to dispute on her behalf; so he does not marry her for her wealth; so he harms her and mistreats her; and he said: ﴿And if you fear that you will not be just to the orphans, then marry those that please you of women﴾ [An-Nisa: 3]; he says: what I have made lawful for you; and leave this one who harms her." And in another narration of his and Al-Bukhari; in marriage: "So he desires to marry her; and he dislikes to marry her to another; so he shares with him in his wealth - and Al-Bukhari said: so he enters upon him in his wealth -; so he prevents her; and does not marry her; and does not marry her off." Al-Bukhari added: So Allah prohibited them - glorified and exalted is He - from that; and the essence of that which Al-Asbahani transmitted that the man in the pre-Islamic period (p-421) would have the orphan girl and he would throw his garment over her; and if he did that, no one would ever be able to marry her; and if she was beautiful and he desired her, he would marry her and consume her wealth; and if she was unattractive, the men would prevent her until she dies; and if she dies, he inherits her.

And what relates to the mention of this ruling, in which references have increased in a way that indicates the non-submission of some souls to it; following the verse of Islam; which means submission; and humility; and kindness; which has become in common usage more associated with giving; and reconciliation; and compassion; especially towards the weak; and the mention of Ibrahim - blessings and peace be upon him - who has been previously stated to have fulfilled what Allah (glorified and exalted is He) tested him with from the words; and he fulfilled them without hesitation; nor stuttering; and that he was inclined towards the evidence; admonishing those upon whom the evidence of reason has come; and it has come to him with clear transmission; while he is reviewing! And if you contemplate His saying (glorified and exalted is He): ﴿Whoever does evil will be recompensed for it﴾ [An-Nisa: 123]; along with His saying before that: ﴿And let those fear who, if they left behind them weak offspring, would be afraid for them﴾ [An-Nisa: 9]; a remarkable correspondence also becomes apparent to you.